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Cited by 158Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

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A prospective examination of distress tolerance and early smoking lapse in adult self-quitters

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Brown, Richard A., Lejuez, C. W., Strong, David R., Kahler, Christopher W., Zvolensky, Michael J., Carpenter, Linda L., Niaura, Raymond, Price, Lawrence H.·2009·Nicotine & Tobacco Research
DOI 10.1093/ntr/ntp041PMC PMC2671465
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Abstract

INTRODUCTION: A significant percentage of smokers attempting cessation lapse to smoking within a matter of days, and current models of relapse devote insufficient attention to such early smoking lapse. Studies attempting to relate severity of nicotine withdrawal symptoms to short-term smoking cessation outcomes have yielded equivocal results. How one reacts to the discomfort of nicotine withdrawal and quitting smoking (i.e., distress tolerance) may be a more promising avenue of investigation with important treatment implications. METHODS: The present investigation examined distress tolerance and early smoking lapse using a prospective design. Participants were 81 adult daily smokers recruited through newspaper advertisements targeted at smokers planning to quit smoking without assistance (i.e., no pharmacotherapy or psychosocial treatment; 42 males and 39 females; mean age = 42.6 years, SD = 12.20). RESULTS: As hypothesized, both greater breath-holding duration and carbon dioxide-enriched air persistence were associated with a significantly lower risk of smoking lapse following an unaided quit attempt. These effects were above and beyond the risk associated with levels of nicotine dependence, education, and history of major depressive disorder, suggesting that distress tolerance and task persistence may operate independently of risk factors such as nicotine dependence and depressive history. In contrast to expectation, persistence on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (a psychological challenge task) was not a significant predictor of earlier smoking lapse. DISCUSSION: These results are discussed in relation to refining theoretical models of the role of distress tolerance in early smoking lapse and the utility of such models in the development of specialized treatment approaches for smoking cessation.

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Metadata

Authors
Brown, R. A., Lejuez, C. W., Strong, D. R., Kahler, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Carpenter, L. L., Niaura, R., & Price, L. H.
Affiliations
  • Brown University (US)
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
  • Rhode Island Hospital (US)
  • University of Vermont (US)
ORCID
Venue
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2009-04-16
Volume
11
Issue
5
Pages
493-502
ISSN
  • 1462-2203 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-994X
DOI
10.1093/ntr/ntp041
PMC
PMC2671465
OpenAlex
W2073737621
Cited by
158
References
49
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
FWCI
5.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nicotine & Tobacco Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University
  • National Cancer Institute (R21CA088297, CA88297)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords
distress tolerance, smoking relapse, smoking cessation, nicotine withdrawal, breath-holding, task persistence, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, nicotine dependence, major depressive disorder
MeSH terms
Smoking Prevention, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Smoking, Stress, Psychological, Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking Cessation, Self Efficacy, Young Adult

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