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Cited by 198Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesBehavioral Health and Interventions

Urges to smoke during the first month of abstinence: relationship to relapse and predictors

Doherty, K., Kinnunen, T., Militello, F. S., Garvey, A. J.·1995·Psychopharmacology
DOI 10.1007/bf02246158
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Abstract

The urges to smoke reported by 215 former smokers were measured 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 30 days after they quit to examine: (a) the time course of smoking urges, (b) the relationship of urges to relapse, and (c) predictors of urges to smoke. Urges to smoke were strongest 1 day after quitting, and decreased at each subsequent measurement point. Urges were a powerful predictor of relapse. At each of the four assessment points, abstinent subjects who reported stronger urges to smoke were more likely to relapse by the next measurement point. Urges to smoke at a given day (e.g., day 1) were consistently the best predictors of the persistence of urges at the next assessment (e.g., day 7). Greater negative emotion (e.g., anxiety, sadness, anger, and confusion) and psychosocial stress also predicted stronger urges to smoke. Nicotine gum significantly reduced urges during week 1 post-cessation. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1007/bf02246158

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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Dependence on tobacco smoking depends on the balance between rewarding and aversive actions of nicotine and on escape from the aversive consequences of nicotine withdrawal.

    “Dependence on tobacco smoking depends not only on the balance between the rewarding and aversive action of nicotine described above, but also on escape from the aversive consequences of nicotine withdrawal (Doherty et al. 1995;Kenny and Markou 2001).”

    From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Doherty et al. 1995

  • Affective symptoms of nicotine withdrawal primarily include depressed mood with anhedonia, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and craving.

    “Affective symptoms primarily include depressed mood including anhedonia, dysphoria, anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and craving (Parrott 1993;Doherty et al. 1995;Kenny and Markou 2001).”

    From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Doherty et al. 1995

  • The nicotine withdrawal syndrome in abstinent smokers comprises somatic and affective components.

    “The nicotine withdrawal syndrome in abstinent smokers is comprised of”

    From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Doherty et al. 1995

  • The most common somatic symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include bradycardia, gastrointestinal discomfort, and increased appetite.

    “The most common somatic symptoms include bradycardia, gastrointestinal discomfort, and increased appetite.”

    From Mechanisms of Nicotine Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Doherty et al. 1995

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Authors
Doherty, K., Kinnunen, T., Militello, F. S., & Garvey, A. J.
Affiliations
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
Venue
Psychopharmacology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1995-05
Volume
119
Issue
2
Pages
171-178
ISSN
  • 0033-3158 (ISSN-L)
  • 1432-2072
DOI
10.1007/bf02246158
OpenAlex
W2031800306
Cited by
198
References
3
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 14
FWCI
2.65
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
  • Health Services Research and Development
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01da006183-04)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA06183)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords
smoking urges, smoking cessation, relapse, nicotine gum, negative emotions, psychosocial stress, anxiety, predictors of relapse, former smokers
MeSH terms
Smoking Prevention, Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Coffee, Cues, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Probability, Recurrence, Smoking, Social Behavior, Stress, Psychological, Time Factors, Tobacco Use Disorder, Smoking Cessation

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