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Cited by 112Study and Philosophy of ReligionPhilosophy and Theoretical ScienceTheology and Philosophy of Evil

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Why? The Purpose of the Universe

Goff, Philip·2023
DOI 10.1093/oso/9780198883760.001.0001
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Abstract

Western thought has been dominated by the dichotomy of traditional religion and secular atheism. But do we have to choose between these options? Philip Goff argues that it is time to move on from both God and atheism. Through an exploration of contemporary cosmology, as well as cutting-edge philosophical research on the nature of consciousness, Goff argues for cosmic purpose: the idea that the universe is directed towards certain goals, such as the emergence of intelligent life. However, in contrast to religious thinkers, Goff argues that the Omni-God (defined as all-knowing, all-powerful, and perfectly good) is a bad explanation of cosmic purpose. Instead, we explore a range of alternative possibilities for accounting for cosmic purpose. Perhaps our universe was created by an evil or morally indifferent designer, or a designer with limited abilities. Perhaps we live in a computer simulation. Maybe cosmic purpose is rooted not in a conscious mind but in natural tendencies towards the good, or laws of nature with purposes built into them. Or maybe the universe is itself a conscious mind which directs itself towards certain goals. Goff scrutinises these options with analytic rigour, laying the groundwork for a new paradigm of philosophical enquiry into the middle ground between God and atheism. The final chapter outlines a way of living in hope that cosmic purpose is still unfolding, involving political engagement and a non-literalist interpretation of traditional religion.

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Metadata

Authors
Goff, P.
Affiliations
Durham University (GB)
Corresponding author
Goff, Philip
ORCID
Goff, Philip
Publisher
Oxford University PressOxford
Published
2023-09-21
DOI
10.1093/oso/9780198883760.001.0001
OpenAlex
W4387137342
Cited by
112
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 28 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 1
FWCI
62.59
Type
book
Language
en
Open access
closed
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Study and Philosophy of Religion
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Theology and Philosophy of Evil
Keywords
teleology, atheism, cosmology, nature of consciousness, simulation hypothesis, laws of nature, religion and secularism, hope, political participation

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