Cited by 1,214Statistical Methods in EpidemiologyGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningAdvanced Causal Inference Techniques

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data.

BRUZZI, PAOLO, GREEN, SYLVAN B., BYAR, DAVID P., BRINTON, LOUISE A., SCHAIRER, CATHERINE·1985·American Journal of Epidemiology

DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A straightforward and unified approach is presented for the calculation of the population attributable risk per cent (etiologic fraction) in the general multivariate setting, with emphasis on using data from case-control studies. The summary attributable risk for multiple factors can be estimated, with or without adjustment for other (confounding) risk factors. The relation of this approach to procedures in the literature is discussed. Given values of the relative risks for various combinations of factors, all that is required is the distribution of these factors among the cases only. The required information can often be estimated solely from case-control data, and in some situations relative risk estimates from one population can be applied to calculation of attributable risk for another population. The authors emphasize the benefits to be obtained from logistic regression models, so that risks need not be estimated separately in a large number of strata, some of which may contain inadequate numbers of individuals. This approach allows incorporation of important interactions between factors, but does not require that all possible interactions be included. The approach is illustrated with data on four risk factors from a pair-matched case-control study of participants in a multicenter breast cancer screening project.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174

Cites

16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Statistical Methods in Cancer Research
Breslow, N. E. (1980) · Cited by 7,332
PROPORTION OF DISEASE CAUSED OR PREVENTED BY A GIVEN EXPOSURE, TRAIT OR INTERVENTION1
MIETTINEN, O. S. (1974) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121617 · Cited by 1,036
The Estimation and Interpretation of Attributable Risk in Health Research
Walter, S. D. (1976) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529268 · Cited by 449
Attributable risk percent in case-control studies.
Cole, P. T., & MacMahon, B. (1971) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.25.4.242 · Cited by 344
Calculation of Attributable Risks from Epidemiological Data
Walter, S. D. (1978) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/7.2.175 · Cited by 170
PREVENTION FOR MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASES
Walter, S. D. (1980) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113007 · Cited by 165
Breast Cancer Risk Factors Among Screening Program Participants
Brinton, L. A., Williams, R. R., Hoover, R. N., Stegens, N. L., Feinleib, M., & Fraumeni, J. F. (1979) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/62.1.37 · Cited by 121
Self-citation
Statistical methods for estimating attributable risk from retrospective data
Whittemore, A. S. (1982) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780010305 · Cited by 110
Interaction of Familial and Hormonal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer
Brinton, L. A., Hoover, R. N., & Fraumeni, J. F. (1982) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/69.4.817 · Cited by 107
Self-citation
A computer program for the analysis of matched case-control studies
Lubin, J. H. (1981) · Computers and Biomedical Research · doi:10.1016/0010-4809(81)90031-8 · Cited by 99

Show all 16 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 1,000

HIV, antiretroviral treatment, hypertension, and stroke in Malawian adults
Benjamin, L. A., Corbett, E. L., Connor, M., Mzinganjira, H., Kampondeni, S., Choko, A. T., Hopkins, M. J., Emsley, H. C. A., Bryer, A., Faragher, B. E., et al. (2015) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000002278 · Cited by 158
Elevated Bladder Cancer in Northern New England: The Role of Drinking Water and Arsenic.
Baris, D., Waddell, R., Freeman, L. E. B., Schwenn, M., Colt, J., Ayotte, J., Ward, M., Nuckols, J., Schned, A., Jackson, B., et al. (2016) · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djw099 · Cited by 145
Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Greenlandic Children
Koch, A. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg143 · Cited by 153
Exposure to Residential Radon and Lung Cancer in Spain: A Population-based Case-Control Study
Barros-Dios, J. M. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf070 · Cited by 154
Listeria monocytogenes Infection from Foods Prepared in a Commercial Establishment: A Case-Control Study of Potential Sources of Sporadic Illness in the United States
Varma, J. K., Samuel, M., Marcus, R., Hoekstra, R. M., Medus, C., Segler, S. D., Anderson, B. J., Jones, T. F., Shiferaw, B., Haubert, N., et al. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/509920 · Cited by 154
Preserved foods and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case-control study in Guangxi, China.
Yu, M. C., Mo, C.-C., Chong, W. X., Yeh, F. S., & Henderson, B. E. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 153
Commercial Tattooing as a Potentially Important Source of Hepatitis C Infection
Haley, R. W., & FISCHER, R. P. (2001) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/00005792-200103000-00006 · Cited by 150
Sexual behaviour patterns and other risk factors for HIV infection in rural Tanzania
QUIGLEY, M. A., Munguti, K., Grosskurth, H., Todd, J., Mosha, F., Senkoro, K., Newell, J. N., Mayaud, P., ka-Gina, G., Klokke, A. H., et al. (1997) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199702000-00015 · Cited by 151
A cohort study of cancer risk in relation to family histories of cancer in the Utah population database
Kerber, R. A., & O’Brien, E. A. (2005) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.20989 · Cited by 150
Distribution of Caries in Children
Do, L. (2012) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034511434355 · Cited by 150
Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Family History of Lymphatic, Hematologic, and Other Cancers
Chatterjee, N., Hartge, P. A., Cerhan, J. R., Cozen, W., Davis, S., Ishibe, N., Colt, J. S., Goldin, L. R., & Severson, R. K. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.1415.13.9 · Cited by 150
Power/Sample Size Calculations for Generalized Linear Models
Self, S. G., & Mauritsen, R. H. (1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531897 · Cited by 150
Healthy Lifestyle Factors Associated With Lower Risk of Colorectal Cancer Irrespective of Genetic Risk
Carr, P. R., Weigl, K., Jansen, L., Walter, V., Erben, V., Chang-Claude, J. C., Brenner, H., & Hoffmeister, M. (2018) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.044 · Cited by 156
Attributable risk estimates for cataract to prioritize medical and public health action.
McCarty, C. A., Nanjan, M. B., & Taylor, H. R. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 148
Beyond odds ratios — communicating disease risk based on genetic profiles
Kraft, P. L., Wacholder, S., Cornelis, M. C., Hu, F. B., Hayes, R. B., Thomas, G. D., Hoover, R. N., Hunter, D. J., & Chanock, S. J. (2009) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg2516 · Cited by 149
Abortion and mental health disorders: evidence from a 30-year longitudinal study
Fergusson, D. M., Horwood, L. J., & Boden, J. M. (2008) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.108.056499 · Cited by 148
Suicidal Behavior During Lithium and Valproate Treatment: A Within-Individual 8-Year Prospective Study of 50,000 Patients With Bipolar Disorder
Song, J., Sjölander, A., Joas, E., Bergen, S. E., Runeson, B., Larsson, H., Landén, M., & Lichtenstein, P. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16050542 · Cited by 147
Risk factors for the presence of Campylobacter spp. in Dutch broiler flocks
Bouwknegt, M., van de Giessen, A. W., Dam-Deisz, W. D. C., Havelaar, A. H., Nagelkerke, N. J. D., & Henken, A. M. (2003) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.09.003 · Cited by 148
Visual Risk Factors for Hip Fracture in Older People
Ivers, R., Optom, B., Cumming, R. G., Mitchell, P., Simpson, J. M., & Peduto, A. J. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51109.x · Cited by 146
Epidemiologic risk factors for periodontal attachment loss among adults in the United States
Hyman, J. J., & Reid, B. C. (2003) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-051x.2003.00157.x · Cited by 146
Risk factors for the increasing caesarean section rate in Southeast Brazil: a comparison of two birth cohorts, 1978-1979 and 1994
Gomes, U. A., da Sílva, A. A. M., Bettiol, H., & Barbieri, M. A. (1999) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/28.4.687 · Cited by 146
Effect of HSV-2 serostatus on acquisition of HIV by young men: results of a longitudinal study in Orange Farm, South Africa.
Sobngwi‐Tambekou, J., Taljaard, D., Lissouba, P., Zarca, K., Puren, A., Lagarde, E., & Auvert, B. (2009) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/597208 · Cited by 142
Melanocortin 1 receptor and risk of cutaneous melanoma: A meta‐analysis and estimates of population burden
Williams, P. F., Olsen, C. M., Hayward, N. K., & Whiteman, D. C. (2011) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.25804 · Cited by 143
Hypertension and Risk of Renal Cell Carcinoma Among White and Black Americans
Colt, J. S., Schwartz, K., Graubard, B. I., Davis, F. G., Ruterbusch, J. J., DiGaetano, R., Purdue, M. P., Rothman, N., Wacholder, S., & Chow, W. (2011) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3182300720 · Cited by 143
Risk Factors for Stillbirth in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Mario, S. D., Say, L., & Lincetto, O. (2007) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000258130.07476.e3 · Cited by 143
Physical Activity and Anger or Emotional Upset as Triggers of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Smyth, A., O'Donnell, M. J., Lamelas, P. M., Teo, K. K., Rangarajan, S., & Yusuf, S. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.116.023142 · Cited by 144
The Contribution of Prone Sleeping Position to the Racial Disparity in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: The Chicago Infant Mortality Study
Hauck, F. R., Moore, C. M., Herman, S. M., Donovan, M., Kalelkar, M. B., Christoffel, K. K., Hoffman, H. J., & Rowley, D. L. (2002) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.110.4.772 · Cited by 141
Farm Visits and Undercooked Hamburgers as Major Risk Factors for SporadicEscherichia coliO157:H7 Infection: Data from a Case‐Control Study in 5 FoodNet Sites
Kassenborg, H. D., Hedberg, C. W., Hoekstra, R. M., Evans, M. C., Chin, A. E., Marcus, R., Vugia, D. J., Smith, K., Ahuja, S. D., Slutsker, L., et al. (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/381596 · Cited by 142
Socioeconomic status and lung cancer risk in Canada
Mao, Y., Hu, J., Ugnat, A., Semenciw, R. M., & Fincham, S. M. (2001) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/30.4.809 · Cited by 142
A case-control study of lung cancer with special reference to the effect of air pollution in Poland.
Jedrychowski, W., Becher, H., Wahrendorf, J., & Basa-Cierpiałek, Z. (1990) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.44.2.114 · Cited by 142
Why Do Black Americans Have a Higher Risk of Pancreatic Cancer than White Americans?
Silverman, D. T., Hoover, R. N., Brown, L. M., Swanson, G. M., SCHIFFMAN, M. H., Greenberg, R. S., Hayes, R. B., Lillemoe, K. D., Schoenberg, J. B., Schwartz, A. G., et al. (2003) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200301000-00013 · Cited by 140
Associations between Cigarette Smoking and Each of 21 Types of Cancer: A Multi-Site Case-Control Study
SIEMIATYCKI, J., KREWSKI, D., FRANCO, E., & KAISERMAN, M. (1995) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/24.3.504 · Cited by 137
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with antiplatelet drugs
Ibáñez, L., Vidal, X., Vendrell, L., Moretti, U., Laporte, J., & THE SPANISH–ITALIAN COLLABORATIVE GROUP FOR THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING (2005) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02759.x · Cited by 139
Estimating Recurrence of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery
Esplin, M. S., O’Brien, E. A., Fraser, A. M., Kerber, R. A., Clark, E., Simonsen, S. E., Holmgren, C. M., Mineau, G. P., & Varner, M. W. (2008) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e318184181a · Cited by 138
Risk of End-stage Renal Disease Associated with Alcohol Consumption
Perneger, T., Whelton, P. K., Puddey, I. B., & Klag, M. J. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009958 · Cited by 137
Dietary patterns, nutrient intake and gastric cancer in a high-risk area of Italy
Palli, D., Russo, A. G., & Decarli, A. (2001) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1023/a:1008970310963 · Cited by 136
Cohort mortality study of women compensated for asbestosis in Italy
Germani, D., Belli, S., Bruno, C., Grignoli, M., Nesti, M., Pirastu, R., & Comba, P. (1999) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199907)36:1 · Cited by 56
Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants may increase the risk of melanoma in France independently of clinical risk factors and UV exposure
Matichard, E., Verpillat, P., Meziani, R., Gérard, B., Descamps, V., Legroux, E., Burnouf, M., Bertrand, G., Bouscarat, F., Archimbaud, A., et al. (2004) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmg.2003.011536 · Cited by 134
Regulatory polymorphisms modulate the expression of HLA class II molecules and promote autoimmunity
Raj, P., Rai, E., Song, R., Khan, S., Wakeland, B., Viswanathan, K., Arana, C., Liang, C., Zhang, B., Dozmorov, I. M., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.12089 · Cited by 133
Population Attributable Risk of Renal Cell Cancer in Minnesota
Bénichou, J., Chow, W., McLaughlin, J. K., Mandel, J. S., & Fraumeni, J. F. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009667 · Cited by 134
A combined case-control and molecular source attribution study of human Campylobacter infections in Germany, 2011–2014
Rosner, B. M., Schielke, A., Didelot, X., Kops, F., Breidenbach, J., Willrich, N., Gölz, G., Alter, T., Stingl, K., Josenhans, C., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-05227-x · Cited by 134
Exposure to Prenatal and Childhood Infections and the Risk of Schizophrenia
Westergaard, T., Mortensen, P. B., Pedersen, C. B., Wohlfahrt, J., & Melbye, M. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.11.993 · Cited by 133
Highly ResistantSalmonellaNewport‐MDRAmpC Transmitted through the Domestic US Food Supply: A FoodNet Case‐Control Study of SporadicSalmonellaNewport Infections, 2002–2003
Varma, J. K., Marcus, R., Stenzel, S. A., Hanna, S., Gettner, S., Anderson, B. J., Hayes, T., Shiferaw, B., Crume, T., Joyce, K., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/505084 · Cited by 132
Leptin in relation to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia
Λάγιου, Π., Signorello, L. B., Trichopoulos, D., Τζώνου, Α., Trichopoulou, A., & Mantzoros, C. S. (1998) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980330)76:1 · Cited by 76
A Nationwide Cohort Study of the Association Between Hospitalization With Infection and Risk of Death by Suicide
Lund-Sørensen, H., Benros, M. E., Madsen, T., Sørensen, H. J., Eaton, W. W., Postolache, T. T., Nordentoft, M., & Erlangsen, A. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.1594 · Cited by 131
Schistosomiasis and the risk of bladder cancer in Alexandria, Egypt
Bedwani, R. N., Renganathan, E., Kwhsky, F. E., Braga, C., Seif, H. A., Azm, T. A., Zaki, A., Franceschi, S., Boffetta, P., & Vecchia, C. L. (1998) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.1998.197 · Cited by 131
The proportion of cancer attributable to occupational exposures
Purdue, M. P., Hutchings, S. J., Rushton, L., & Silverman, D. T. (2015) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.009 · Cited by 127
Why population attributable fractions can sum to more than one
Rowe, A. K., Powell, K. E., & Flanders, W. D. (2004) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.007 · Cited by 126
Case-control study of shigellosis in San Francisco: the role of sexual transmission and HIV infection.
Aragon, T. J., Vugia, D. J., Shallow, S., Samuel, M. C., Reingold, A., Angulo, F. J., & Bradford, W. Z. (2007) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/510593 · Cited by 128
Identifying Individuals at High Risk of Melanoma: A Practical Predictor of Absolute Risk
Fears, T. R., Guerry, D., Pfeiffer, R. M., Sagebiel, R. W., Elder, D. E., Halpern, A. C., Holly, E. A., Hartge, P. A., & Tucker, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.04.1277 · Cited by 130
Effect of BRCA1 and BRCA2 on the association between breast cancer risk and family history.
Claus, E. B., Schildkraut, J., Iversen, E., Berry, D. A., & Parmigiani, G. (1998) · Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/90.23.1824 · Cited by 127
Herd-level factors associated with isolation of Salmonella in a multi-state study of conventional and organic dairy farms
Fossler, C. P., Wells, S. J., Kaneene, J. B., Ruegg, P. L., Warnick, L. D., Bender, J. B., Eberly, L. E., Godden, S., & Halbert, L. W. (2005) · Preventive Veterinary Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2005.04.003 · Cited by 128
Relative risks and population attributable fraction of incident HIV associated with symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases and treatable symptomatic sexually transmitted diseases in Rakai District, Uganda
Gray, R. H., Wawer, M. J., Sewankambo, N. K., Serwadda, D., Li, C., Moulton, L. H., Lutalo, T., Wabwire‐Mangen, F., Meehan, M. P., Ahmed, S., et al. (1999) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/00002030-199910220-00015 · Cited by 127
Quantitative PCR for Detection of Shigella Improves Ascertainment of Shigella Burden in Children with Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea in Low-Income Countries
Lindsay, B. R., Ochieng, J. B., Ikumapayi, U. N., Touré, A., Ahmed, D., Li, S., Panchalingam, S., Levine, M. M., Kotloff, K. L., Rasko, D. A., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02713-12 · Cited by 127
Cannabis, alcohol and fatal road accidents
Martin, J., Gadegbeku, B., Wu, D., Viallon, V., & Laumon, B. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187320 · Cited by 127
Risk factors for typhoid fever in an endemic setting, Karachi, Pakistan
Luby, S. P., Faizan, M., FISHER-HOCH, S. P., SYED, A., Mintz, E. D., Bhutta, Z. A., & McCormick, J. B. (1998) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268897008558 · Cited by 125
Population Attributable Fraction Estimation for Established Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Considering the Issues of High Prevalence and Unmodifiability
Rockhill, B., Weinberg, C. R., & Newman, B. M. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009535 · Cited by 126
Estimating population attributable fractions to quantify the health burden of obesity
Flegal, K. M., Panagiotou, O. A., & Graubard, B. I. (2015) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.010 · Cited by 148
Different impact from betel quid, alcohol and cigarette: Risk factors for pharyngeal and laryngeal cancer
Lee, K., Kuo, W., Tsai, S., Wu, D., Wang, W., Fang, F., Chiang, F., Ho, K., Wang, L., Tai, C., et al. (2005) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21237 · Cited by 125
Rare pathogenic variants predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Pelusi, S., Baselli, G., Pietrelli, A., Dongiovanni, P., Donati, B., McCain, M. V., Meroni, M., Fracanzani, A. L., Romagnoli, R., Petta, S., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-39998-2 · Cited by 125
Breast cancer risk prediction and individualised screening based on common genetic variation and breast density measurement
Darabi, H., Czene, K., Zhao, W., Liu, J., Hall, P. N., & Humphreys, K. (2012) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr3110 · Cited by 123
Are Racial Disparities in Pancreatic Cancer Explained by Smoking and Overweight/Obesity?
Arnold, L. D., Patel, A. V., Yan, Y., Jacobs, E. J., Thun, M. J., Calle, E. E., & Colditz, G. A. (2009) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0080 · Cited by 127
Smoking‐attributable periodontal disease in the Australian adult population
Do, L., Slade, G. D., Roberts‐Thomson, K., & Sanders, A. E. (2008) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01223.x · Cited by 123
Carcinogenetic impact of ADH1B and ALDH2 genes on squamous cell carcinoma risk of the esophagus with regard to the consumption of alcohol, tobacco and betel quid
Lee, C., Lee, J., Wu, D., Goan, Y., Chou, S., Wu, I., Kao, E., Chan, T., Huang, M., Chen, P., et al. (2007) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.23264 · Cited by 123
Common Genetic Polymorphisms Modify the Effect of Smoking on Absolute Risk of Bladder Cancer
García‐Closas, M., Rothman, N., Figueroa, J. D., Prokunina‐Olsson, L., Han, S. S., Baris, D., Jacobs, E. J., Malats, N., Vivo, I. D., Albanes, D., et al. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-2388 · Cited by 124
Inflammation, the metabolic syndrome, and risk of coronary heart disease in women and men
Pischon, T., Hu, F. B., Rexrode, K. M., Girman, C. J., Manson, J. E., & Rimm, E. B. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.06.022 · Cited by 122
Genital and urinary tract diseases and bladder cancer.
Vecchia, C. L., Negri, E., D’Avanzo, B., Savoldelli, R., & Franceschi, S. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 122
Pickled vegetables in the aetiology of oesophageal cancer in Hong Kong Chinese
Cheng, K. K., Lam, T., Cheng, K. K., Day, N., Day, N., Duffy, S. W., Fok, M., & Wong, J. (1992) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)91960-g · Cited by 122
Occupational Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer: Results from a Case-Control Study in Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Aronson, K. J., Siemiatycki, J., Dewar, R. A. D., & Gérin, M. (1996) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008750 · Cited by 121
Unemployment and serious suicide attempts
Beautrais, A. L., Joyce, P. R., & Mulder, R. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005990 · Cited by 120
Septic system density and infectious diarrhea in a defined population of children
Borchardt, M. A., Chyou, P.-H., DeVries, E. O., & Belongia, E. A. (2003) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.5914 · Cited by 119
Admixture Mapping in Lupus Identifies Multiple Functional Variants within IFIH1 Associated with Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Autoantibody Production
Molineros, J. E., Maiti, A. K., Sun, C., Looger, L. L., Han, S., Kim-Howard, X., Glenn, S. B., Adler, A., Kelly, J. A., Niewold, T. B., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003222 · Cited by 116
Attempted suicide in elderly Chinese persons: A multi-group, controlled study
Tsoh, J., Chiu, H. F. K., Duberstein, P. R., Chan, S. S. M., Chi, I., Yip, P. S. F., & Conwell, Y. (2005) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00019442-200507000-00004 · Cited by 148
Re-assessment of risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype Enteritidis infections: a case-control study in five FoodNet Sites, 2002–2003
Marcus, R., Varma, J. K., Medus, C., Boothe, E., Anderson, B. J., Crume, T., Fullerton, K. E., Moore, M. R., White, P. L., Lyszkowicz, E., et al. (2006) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268806006558 · Cited by 118
Sex differences in the proportion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases attributable to tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption
Pandeya, N., Olsen, C. M., & Whiteman, D. C. (2013) · Cancer Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.canep.2013.05.011 · Cited by 118
Early diagnosis of early gastric cancer
Tan, Y. K., & Fielding, J. W. L. (2006) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/00042737-200608000-00004 · Cited by 118
RISK OF ENAMEL FLUOROSIS IN NONFLUORIDATED AND OPTIMALLY FLUORIDATED POPULATIONS
Pendrys, D. G. (2000) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2000.0273 · Cited by 117
A case‐control study of multiple myeloma nested in the american cancer society prospective study
Boffetta, P., Stellman, S. D., & Garfinkel, L. (1989) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910430404 · Cited by 117
Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors in African-American and White Women
Moorman, P. G., Weber, R. P., Akushevich, L., Berchuck, A., & Schildkraut, J. M. (2009) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwp176 · Cited by 116
Egg Consumption is the Principal Risk Factor for SporadicSalmonellaSerotype Heidelberg Infections: A Case‐Control Study in FoodNet Sites
Hennessy, T. W., Cheng, L. H., Kassenborg, H. D., Ahuja, S. D., Mohle‐Boetani, J. C., Marcus, R., Shiferaw, B., Angulo, F. J., & the Emerging Infections Program FoodNet Working Group (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/381593 · Cited by 116
Methods of adjustment for estimating the attributable risk in case‐control studies: A review
Bénichou, J. (1991) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780101113 · Cited by 115
Impact of Land-use Change on Dengue and Malaria in Northern Thailand
Vanwambeke, S. O., Lambin, E. F., Eichhorn, M. P., Flasse, S. P., Harbach, R. E., Oskam, L., Somboon, P., van Beers, S., van Benthem, B. H. B., Walton, C., et al. (2007) · EcoHealth · doi:10.1007/s10393-007-0085-5 · Cited by 116
Estimating global, regional and national rotavirus deaths in children aged <5 years: Current approaches, new analyses and proposed improvements
Clark, A. D., Black, R. E., Tate, J. E., Roose, A. W., Kotloff, K. L., Lam, D., Blackwelder, W. C., Parashar, U. D., Lanata, C. F., Kang, G., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0183392 · Cited by 115
Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera?
Shapiro, R., OTIENO, M. F., Adcock, P. M., Phillips‐Howard, P. A., Hawley, W. A., Kumar, L., Waiyaki, P. G., Nahlen, B. L., & Slutsker, L. (1999) · American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.271 · Cited by 115
Prospective investigation of the cigarette smoking–head and neck cancer association by sex
Freedman, N. D., Abnet, C. C., Leitzmann, M. F., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Schatzkin, A. G. (2007) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.22957 · Cited by 113
Sporadic Campylobacter Infection in Infants
Fullerton, K. E., Ingram, L. A., Jones, T. F., Anderson, B. J., McCarthy, P. V., Hurd, S., Shiferaw, B., Vugia, D. J., Haubert, N., Hayes, T., et al. (2006) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000247137.43495.34 · Cited by 112
Recent diarrhoeal illness and risk of lower respiratory infections in children under the age of 5 years
Schmidt, W., Cairncross, S., Barreto, M. L., Clasen, T., & Genser, B. (2009) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyp159 · Cited by 113
Exposure to air pollution during childhood and risk of developing schizophrenia: a national cohort study
Antonsen, S., Mok, P. L. H., Webb, R. T., Mortensen, P. B., McGrath, J. J., Agerbo, E., Brandt, J. G., Geels, C., Christensen, J. H., & Pedersen, C. B. (2020) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30004-8 · Cited by 118
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatitis C virus: A case‐control study from northern and southern Italy
Talamini, R., Montella, M., Crovatto, M., Maso, L. D., Crispo, A., Negri, E., Spina, M., Pinto, A., Carbone, A., & Franceschi, S. (2004) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.20137 · Cited by 111
Risk of invasive pneumococcal infections among working age adults with asthma
Klemets, P., Lyytikäinen, O., Ruutu, P., Ollgren, J. P., Kaijalainen, T., Leinonen, M., & Nuorti, J. P. (2010) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.2009.132670 · Cited by 109
Gestational vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder
Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Eyles, D. W., Burne, T. H. J., Blanken, L. M. E., Kruithof, C. J., Verhulst, F. C., White, T. J. H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Tiemeier, H. W., & McGrath, J. J. (2017) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004077 · Cited by 113
Risk of prevalent HIV infection associated with incarceration among injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand: case-control study
Buavirat, A., Page-Shafer, K., van Griensven, F., Mandel, J. S., Evans, J., Chuaratanaphong, J., Chiamwongpat, S., Sacks, R., & Moss, A. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.326.7384.308 · Cited by 109
Factors That Explain Excretion of Enteric Pathogens by Persons Without Diarrhea
Levine, M. M., & Robins-Browne, R. M. (2012) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cis789 · Cited by 112
Infections and exposure to anti‐infective agents and the risk of severe mental disorders: a nationwide study
Köhler‐Forsberg, O., Petersen, L. V., Mors, O. N., Mortensen, P. B., Yolken, R. H., Gasse, C., & Benros, M. E. (2016) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12671 · Cited by 109
Partitioning the Mortality Risk Associated with Inadequate Passive Transfer of Colostral Immunoglobulins in Dairy Calves
Tyler, J. W., Hancock, D. D., Thorne, J. G., Gay, C. C., & Gay, J. (1999) · Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1939-1676.1999.tb02191.x · Cited by 107
Ethnicity-related variation in breast cancer risk factors
Bernstein, L., Teal, C. R., Joslyn, S. A., & Wilson, J. (2002) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.11014 · Cited by 108
Concepts and pitfalls in measuring and interpreting attributable fractions, prevented fractions, and causation probabilities
Greenland, S. (2014) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.11.005 · Cited by 108
Model-based estimation of the attributable fraction for cross-sectional, case–control and cohort studies using the R package AF
Dahlqwist, E., Zetterqvist, J., Yudi Pawitan, Y., & Sjölander, A. (2016) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-016-0137-7 · Cited by 107
Employment Precariousness in Spain: Prevalence, Social Distribution, and Population-Attributable Risk Percent of Poor Mental Health
Vives, A., Vanroelen, C., Amable, M., Ferrer, M., Moncada, S., Llorens, C., Muntaner, C., Benavides, F. G., & Benach, J. (2011) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/hs.41.4.b · Cited by 107
Occupational dust or gas exposure and prevalences of respiratory symptoms and asthma in a general population
Bakke, P. S., Eide, G. E., Hanoa, R., & Gulsvik, A. (1991) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.93.04030273 · Cited by 107

Authors: BRUZZI, P., GREEN, S. B., BYAR, D. P., BRINTON, L. A., & SCHAIRER, C.
Affiliations: National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: BYAR, DAVID P.
ORCID: BRUZZI, PAOLO
BRINTON, LOUISE A.
SCHAIRER, CATHERINE
Venue: American Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1985-11
Volume: 122
Issue: 5
Pages: 904-914
ISSN: 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
1476-6256
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174
OpenAlex: W2256786579
Cited by: 1,214
References: 16
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 49 · 2012: 36
FWCI: 8.74
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
Keywords: population attributable risk, population attributable fraction, multiple risk factors, case-control study, logistic regression, confounding adjustment, relative risk, breast cancer screening
MeSH terms: Biopsy, Breast, Breast Neoplasms, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Maternal Age, Menarche, Models, Biological, Risk, Statistics as Topic

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks