Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women
Open accessAbstract
Background Dietary carbohydrates may influence the development of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes, for example, through effects on blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Objective We examined the relations of baseline intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, dietary magnesium, and carbohydrate-rich foods and the glycemic index with incidence of diabetes. Design This was a prospective cohort study of 35988 older Iowa women initially free of diabetes. During 6 y of follow-up, 1141 incident cases of diabetes were reported. Results Total grain, whole-grain, total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium intakes showed strong inverse associations with incidence of diabetes after adjustment for potential nondietary confounding variables. Multivariate-adjusted relative risks of diabetes were 1.0, 0.99, 0.98, 0.92, and 0.79 (P for trend: 0.0089) across quintiles of whole-grain intake; 1.0, 1.09, 1.00, 0.94, and 0.78 (P for trend: 0.005) across quintiles of total dietary fiber intake; and 1.0, 0.81, 0.82, 0.81, and 0.67 (P for trend: 0.0003) across quintiles of dietary magnesium intake. Intakes of total carbohydrates, refined grains, fruit and vegetables, and soluble fiber and the glycemic index were unrelated to diabetes risk. Conclusion These data support a protective role for grains (particularly whole grains), cereal fiber, and dietary magnesium in the development of diabetes in older women.
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Althuis, M. D., Weed, D. L., & Frankenfeld, C. L. (2014) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/2046-4053-3-80 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Shan, R., Duan, W., Liu, L., Qi, J., Gao, J., Zhang, Y., Du, S., Han, T., Pang, X., Sun, C., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10010077 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
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Carbohydrate substitution for fat or protein and risk of type 2 diabetes in male smokers
Similä, M. E., Kontto, J. P., Valsta, L. M., Männistö, S., Albanes, D., & Virtamo, J. (2012) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2012.24 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
- Authors
- Meyer, K. A., Kushi, L. H., Jacobs, D. R., Slavin, J., Sellers, T. A., & Folsom, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Folsom, Aaron R
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2000-04
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 921-930
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2142473155
- Cited by
- 1,271
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 69 · 2013: 82 · 2012: 81
- FWCI
- 36.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01 CA39742, R01CA039742)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Food composition and properties
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, dietary carbohydrates, dietary fiber, whole grains, cereal fiber, dietary magnesium, glycemic index, older women, diabetes incidence, refined grains, fruits and vegetables, soluble dietary fiber
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Blood Glucose, Body Constitution, Edible Grain, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Female, Fruit, Humans, Iowa, Magnesium, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Vegetables, Cohort Studies, Body Mass Index, Women's Health
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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