Cited by 129Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and TherapiesSchizophrenia research and treatmentSystemic Lupus Erythematosus Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 84 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

At Issue: Schizophrenia and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Negative Association Revisited

Oken, R. J., Schulzer, M.·1999·Schizophrenia Bulletin

DOI 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033407

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

A strong negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), implying low comorbidity, has been found in 12 of 14 previous studies, which we review. To this literature we add two recently acquired data sets encompassing 28,953 schizophrenia patients, only 31 of whom had comorbid RA. Integrating our new data into those of the previous nine studies, which stratified their populations according to psychiatric diagnosis, we obtain a median frequency of RA in schizophrenia populations of 0.09 percent and a mean frequency of 0.66 percent, well below the expected range of 1 percent. These data robustly support prior studies. We also present a meta-analysis evaluating the association between the two diseases by integrating information derived from nine data sets, each furnishing an estimate of the relative risk of RA in schizophrenia patients versus that in other psychiatric patients. We find that the estimated rate of RA among schizophrenia patients is only 29 percent of the corresponding rate in other psychiatric patients. Further, the relative risk of RA in schizophrenia patients versus that in the general population is even less than 29 percent and could be as low as one-third of this value. We present a new hypothesis involving the platelet activating factor system in an effort to account for this negative association and review the suggestions of other investigators toward this end. Finally, we consider the glutamatergic system dysfunction hypothesis of schizophrenia and suggest a possible common pharmacological approach that may ameliorate some of the symptomatology of both schizophrenia and RA.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033407

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471445428 · Cited by 18,646
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Richards, J. W. (1915) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.42.1074.161 · Cited by 13,941
The file drawer problem and tolerance for null results.
Rosenthal, R. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.638 · Cited by 9,068
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions.
Everitt, B. S., & Fleiss, J. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530193 · Cited by 9,034
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Rc, A. N., On Filamentous Bacteriophage, M., Hoffmann, S., & Willbold, D. (1960) · Nature · doi:10.1038/186124d0 · Cited by 6,690
Statistical Methods for Meta-Analysis.
Freeman, P. R., Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531069 · Cited by 4,840
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, 2nd ed
GROVE, W. A. (1981) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.138.12.1644-a · Cited by 3,756
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Howel, D., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533295 · Cited by 3,657
The Handbook of Research Synthesis.
Light, R. J., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1994) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2291021 · Cited by 1,880
Glutamate receptor dysfunction and schizophrenia
Olney, J. W. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950240016004 · Cited by 1,685

Show all 84 references

Sorted by citations

Schizophrenia, “just the facts” 4. Clinical features and conceptualization
Tandon, R., Nasrallah, H. A., & Keshavan, M. S. (2009) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.03.005 · Cited by 1,101
Inflammatory cytokine alterations in schizophrenia: a systematic quantitative review
Potvin, S., Stip, E., Sepehry, A. A., Gendron, A., Bah, R., & Kouassi, E. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.09.024 · Cited by 858
Epidemiology and genetics of rheumatoid arthritis.
Silman, A. J., & Pearson, J. E. (2002) · Arthritis Research · doi:10.1186/ar578 · Cited by 985
Excess early mortality in schizophrenia.
Laursen, T. M., Nordentoft, M., & Mortensen, P. B. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153657 · Cited by 913
Physical illness and schizophrenia: a review of the literature
Leucht, S., Burkard, T., Henderson, J., Maj, M., & Sartorius, N. (2007) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2007.01095.x · Cited by 633
Association of Schizophrenia and Autoimmune Diseases: Linkage of Danish National Registers
Eaton, W. W., Byrne, M., Ewald, H., Mors, O., Chen, C.-Y., Agerbo, E., & Mortensen, P. B. (2006) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.163.3.521 · Cited by 527
Schizophrenia, “Just the Facts”: What we know in 2008
Tandon, R., Keshavan, M. S., & Nasrallah, H. A. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.01.022 · Cited by 430
Inflammation and the two-hit hypothesis of schizophrenia
Feigenson, K. A., Kusnecov, A., & Silverstein, S. M. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.11.006 · Cited by 293
Autoimmune diseases, gastrointestinal disorders and the microbiome in schizophrenia: more than a gut feeling
Severance, E. G., Yolken, R. H., & Eaton, W. W. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.027 · Cited by 260
Upregulation of the initiating step of the kynurenine pathway in postmortem anterior cingulate cortex from individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Miller, C. L., Llenos, I. C., Dulay, J. R., & Weis, S. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2005.12.056 · Cited by 243
Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis: 2018 status
Okada, Y., Eyre, S., Suzuki, A., Kochi, Y., & Yamamoto, K. (2018) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213678 · Cited by 242
Affective disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis: Psychological and disease-related pathways
Sturgeon, J. A., Finan, P. H., & Zautra, A. J. (2016) · Nature Reviews Rheumatology · doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.112 · Cited by 232
Expression of the kynurenine pathway enzyme tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is increased in the frontal cortex of individuals with schizophrenia
Miller, C. L., Llenos, I. C., Dulay, J. R., Barillo, M. M., Yolken, R. H., & Weis, S. (2004) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2003.12.015 · Cited by 232
Etiology and Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A State-of-the-Art Review
Romão, V. C., & Fonseca, J. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.689698 · Cited by 228
Strong combined gene–environment effects in anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide–positive rheumatoid arthritis: A nationwide case–control study in Denmark
Pedersen, M., Jacobsen, S., Garred, P., MADSEN, H. O., Klarlund, M., Svejgaard, A., Pedersen, B. V., Wohlfahrt, J., & Frisch, M. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.22597 · Cited by 204
Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in in-patients with schizophrenia: nationwide population-based study
Chen, S.-J., Chao, Y.-L., Chen, C., Chang, C., Wu, E. C., Wu, C., Yeh, H.-H. H., Chen, C., & Tsai, H. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.092098 · Cited by 182
Novel drug delivery systems for NSAIDs in management of rheumatoid arthritis: An overview
Thakur, S., Riyaz, B., Patil, A., Kaur, A., Kapoor, B., & Mishra, V. K. (2018) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.027 · Cited by 183
Effects of antipsychotic drugs on cytokine networks
Pollmächer, T., Haack, M., Schuld, A., Kraus, T., & Hinze‐Selch, D. (2000) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(00)00032-7 · Cited by 180
Neuroimmune biomarkers in schizophrenia
Tomasik, J., Rahmoune, H., Guest, P. C., & Bahn, S. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.07.025 · Cited by 158
Visual Perception Disturbances in Schizophrenia: A Unified Model
Silverstein, S. M. (2016) · Nebraska Symposium on Motivation/The Nebraska symposium on motivation · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30596-7_4 · Cited by 147
The Schizophrenia–Rheumatoid Arthritis Connection: Infectious, Immune, or Both?
Torrey, E. F., & Yolken, R. H. (2001) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1006/brbi.2001.0649 · Cited by 128
Psychosis: an autoimmune disease?
Al‐Diwani, A., Pollak, T. A., Irani, S. R., & Lennox, B. (2017) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12795 · Cited by 129
Dopamine Induces IL-6–Dependent IL-17 Production via D1-Like Receptor on CD4 Naive T Cells and D1-Like Receptor Antagonist SCH-23390 Inhibits Cartilage Destruction in a Human Rheumatoid Arthritis/SCID Mouse Chimera Model
Nakano, K., Yamaoka, K., Hanami, K., Saito, K., Sasaguri, Y., Yanagihara, N., Tanaka, S., KATSUKI, I., Matsushita, S., & Tanaka, Y. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1002475 · Cited by 124
Pain and affective distress in arthritis: relationship to immunity and inflammation
Harth, M., & Nielson, W. R. (2019) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2019.1573675 · Cited by 120
A systematic, quantitative review of blood autoantibodies in schizophrenia
Ezeoke, A., Mellor, A. L., Buckley, P. F., & Miller, B. J. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.029 · Cited by 115
The evolutionary paradox and the missing heritability of schizophrenia
van Dongen, J., & Boomsma, D. I. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32135 · Cited by 110
The Cerebral Microvasculature in Schizophrenia: A Laser Capture Microdissection Study
Harris, L. W., Wayland, M. T., Lan, M. J., Ryan, M., Giger, T., Lockstone, H. E., Wüthrich, I., Mimmack, M. L., Wang, L., Kotter, M., et al. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003964 · Cited by 104
From membrane phospholipid defects to altered neurotransmission: is arachidonic acid a nexus in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia?
Skosnik, P. D., & Yao, J. K. (2003) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2003.08.008 · Cited by 86
Bioactive lipids in schizophrenia
Berger, G. E., Smesny, S., & Amminger, G. P. (2006) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260600583072 · Cited by 80
Anti-inflammatory signaling in schizophrenia
Meyer, U. (2011) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2011.05.014 · Cited by 72
Abundance of ribosomal RNA gene copies in the genomes of schizophrenia patients
Chestkov, I. V., Jestkova, E. M., Ershova, E. S., Голимбет, В. Е., Лежейко, Т. В., NIu, K., Porokhovnik, L. N., Lyapunova, N. A., Izhevskaya, V. L., Kutsev, S. I., et al. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.01.001 · Cited by 71
Cognition dopamine and bioactive lipids in schizophrenia
Yao, J. K. (2010) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar · doi:10.2741/s153 · Cited by 67
Implications of lipid biology for the pathogenesis of schizophrenia
Berger, G. E., Wood, S. J., Pantelis, C., Velakoulis, D., Wellard, R. M., & McGorry, P. D. (2002) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.01021.x · Cited by 67
Rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia: a negative association at a dimensional level
Gorwood, P. A. P. M., Pouchot, J., Vinceneux, P., Puéchal, X., Flipo, R., Bandt, M. D., & Adès, J. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00017-3 · Cited by 64
New data and an old puzzle: the negative association between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis
Lee, S., Byrne, E. M., Hultman, C. M., Kähler, A. K., Vinkhuyzen, A. A. E., Ripke, S., Andreassen, O. A., Frisell, T., Gusev, A., Hu, X., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyv136 · Cited by 60
The Association Between Schizophrenia and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Nationwide Population-Based Swedish Study on Intraindividual and Familial Risks
Sellgren, C. M., Frisell, T., Lichtenstein, P., Landén, M., & Askling, J. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu054 · Cited by 58
Membrane Phospholipids and Cytokine Interaction in Schizophrenia
Yao, J. K., & van Kammen, D. P. (2004) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(04)59012-8 · Cited by 58
Cognitive and Neuroplasticity Mechanisms by Which Congenital or Early Blindness May Confer a Protective Effect Against Schizophrenia
Silverstein, S. M., Wang, Y., & Keane, B. P. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00624 · Cited by 57
Generating testable hypotheses for schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by integrating epidemiological, genomic, and protein interaction data
Malavia, T. A., Chaparala, S., Wood, J. A., Chowdari, K. V., Prasad, K. M. R., McClain, L. L., Jegga, A. G., Ganapathiraju, M. K., & Nimgaonkar, V. L. (2017) · Schizophrenia · doi:10.1038/s41537-017-0010-z · Cited by 53
Apoptosis and schizophrenia: A pilot study based on dermal fibroblast cell lines
Catts, V. S., Catts, S. V., McGrath, J. J., Feron, F. P., McLean, D. E., Coulson, E. J., & Lutze-Mann, L. H. (2006) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.03.016 · Cited by 53
Prevalences of autoimmune diseases in schizophrenia, bipolar I and II disorder, and controls
Cremaschi, L., Kardell, M., Johansson, V., Isgren, A., Sellgren, C. M., Altamura, A. C., Hultman, C. M., & Landén, M. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.071 · Cited by 52
Variations in genes regulating neuronal migration predict reduced prefrontal cognition in schizophrenia and bipolar subjects from mediterranean Spain: A preliminary study
Tabarés‐Seisdedos, R., Escámez, T., Giménez, J. A. M., Balanzá‐Martínez, V., Salazar, J., Selva, G., Rubio, C., Vieta, E., Geijo‐Barrientos, E., Martínez‐Arán, A., et al. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.01.054 · Cited by 51
Association of the XBP1−116C/G polymorphism with schizophrenia in the Japanese population
Kakiuchi, C., Ishiwata, M., Umekage, T., Tochigi, M., Kohda, K., Sasaki, T., & Kato, T. (2004) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01280.x · Cited by 48
Multifaceted genomic risk for brain function in schizophrenia
Chen, J., Calhoun, V. D., Pearlson, G. D., Ehrlich, S., Turner, J. A., Ho, B., Wassink, T. H., Michael, A. M., & Liu, J. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.022 · Cited by 47
Niacin Skin Sensitivity Is Increased in Adolescents at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis
Berger, G. E., Smesny, S., Schäfer, M. R., Milleit, B., Langbein, K., Hipler, U., Milleit, C., Klier, C. M., Schlögelhofer, M., Holub, M., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148429 · Cited by 46
Analysis of peripheral immune activation in schizophrenia using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
Freudenreich, O., Brockman, M. A., Henderson, D. C., Evins, A. E., Fan, X., Walsh, J. P., & GOFF, D. C. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.11.007 · Cited by 45
Physical Illness and Schizophrenia
Leucht, S., Burkard, T., Henderson, J., Maj, M., & Sartorius, N. (2007) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543951 · Cited by 45
Comparative immunogenetics of autism and schizophrenia
Crespi, B. J., & Thiselton, D. L. (2011) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2011.00710.x · Cited by 39
Prediction of Future Rheumatoid Arthritis
Turk, S. A., van Beers-Tas, M. H., & van Schaardenburg, D. (2014) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2014.07.007 · Cited by 38
The relationship between schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis revisited: genetic and epidemiological analyses
Euesden, J., Breen, G., Farmer, A., McGuffin, P., & Lewis, C. M. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32282 · Cited by 36
Genome-wide association study supports the role of the immunological system and of the neurodevelopmental processes in response to haloperidol treatment
Drago, A., Giegling, I., Schäfer, M. K.-H., Hartmann, A. M., Konte, B., Friedl, M., Serretti, A., & Rujescu, D. (2014) · Pharmacogenetics and Genomics · doi:10.1097/fpc.0000000000000052 · Cited by 34
Dosage effects of human ribosomal genes (rDNA) in health and disease
Porokhovnik, L. N., & Lyapunova, N. A. (2018) · Chromosome Research · doi:10.1007/s10577-018-9587-y · Cited by 34
The high-affinity niacin receptor HM74A is decreased in the anterior cingulate cortex of individuals with schizophrenia
Miller, C. L., & Dulay, J. R. (2008) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.03.015 · Cited by 34
Novel disease associations with schizophrenia genetic risk revealed in ~400,000 UK Biobank participants
Zhang, R., Sjölander, A., Ploner, A., Lu, D., Bulik, C. M., & Bergen, S. E. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01387-5 · Cited by 34
Investigating disease susceptibility and the negative correlation of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis focusing on MIF and CD14 gene polymorphisms
de la Fontaine, L., Schwarz, M., Riedel, M. J., Dehning, S., Douhet, A., Spellmann, I., Kleindienst, N., Zill, P., Plischke, H., Gruber, R., et al. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.01.006 · Cited by 33
Active ribosomal genes, translational homeostasis and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and autism
Porokhovnik, L. N., Passekov, V. P., Gorbachevskaya, N. L., Sorokin, A. B., Veiko, N. N., & Lyapunova, N. A. (2015) · Psychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1097/ypg.0000000000000076 · Cited by 30
Handbook of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Volume II
Ritsner, M. S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0831-0 · Cited by 28
Residential mobility of individuals with diagnosed schizophrenia
Lix, L. M., DeVerteuil, G., Walker, J. R., Robinson, J. R., Hinds, A. M., & Roos, L. L. (2007) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-006-0150-3 · Cited by 28
Zytokinnetzwerke bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie und ihre Bedeutung für die Pathophysiologie der Erkrankung
Schuld, A., Hinze‐Selch, D., & Pollmächer, T. (2004) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-003-1599-x · Cited by 27
Aspirin Inclusion in Antipsychotic Treatment on Severity of Symptoms in Schizophrenia: A Randimized Clinical Trial
Attari, A., Mojdeh, A., Khalifeh-Soltani, F. A., & Najarzadegan, M. R. (2016) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.5812/ijpbs.5848 · Cited by 22
The metabolic syndrome, omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes in relation to schizophrenia
Peet, M. (2006) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2006.07.013 · Cited by 22
Cancer in parents of persons with schizophrenia: Is there a genetic protection?
Gal, G., Goral, A., Murad, H., Gross, R., Pugachova, I., Barchana, M., Kohn, R., & Levav, I. (2012) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2012.04.018 · Cited by 21
The urban risk and migration risk factors for schizophrenia: Are cats the answer?
Torrey, E. F., & Yolken, R. H. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.027 · Cited by 20
The genetic basis for the inverse relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia
Zamanpoor, M., Ghaedi, H., & Omrani, M. D. (2020) · Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine · doi:10.1002/mgg3.1483 · Cited by 19
High Affinity Glycosaminoglycan and Autoantigen Interaction Explains Joint Specificity in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Studelska, D. R., Mandik‐Nayak, L., Zhou, X., Pan, J., Weiser, P., McDowell, L. M., Lu, H., Liapis, H., Allen, P. M., Shih, F. F., et al. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m806458200 · Cited by 19
Essential fatty acids: theoretical aspects and treatment implications for schizophrenia and depression
Peet, M. (2002) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.8.3.223 · Cited by 19
Assessing whether the association between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia is bidirectional: A nationwide population-based cohort study
Chen, S.-F., Wang, L.-Y., Chiang, J., Hsu, C. Y., & Shen, Y. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-38149-3 · Cited by 15
Two-stage case–control association study of polymorphisms in rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility genes with schizophrenia
Watanabe, Y., Nunokawa, A., Kaneko, N., Muratake, T., Arinami, T., Ujike, H., Inada, T., Iwata, N., Kunugi, H., Itokawa, M., et al. (2009) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/jhg.2008.4 · Cited by 14
Dopamine as an immune-modulator between dendritic cells and T cells and the role of dopamine in the pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Nakano, K., Matsushita, S., Saito, K., Yamaoka, K., & Tanaka, Y. (2009) · Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.2177/jsci.32.1 · Cited by 14
Parasitic brain infection, endocannabinoids, and schizophrenia
Melamede, R. J. (2008) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2008.08.025 · Cited by 13
The Population Dynamics of Mental Disorders
Eaton, W. W., Alexandre, P. K., Kessler, R. C., Martins, S. S., Mortensen, P. B., Rebok, G. W., Storr, C. L., & Roth, K. B. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195390445.003.0006 · Cited by 13
Detection of Morphological Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Important Step to Identify Associated Genetic Disorders or Etiologic Subtypes
Priol, A.-C., Denis, L., Boulanger, G., Thépaut, M., Geoffray, M., & Tordjman, S. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22179464 · Cited by 12
Immunologic profiling in schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis
Eaton, W. W., Rodriguez, K. M., Thomas, M. A., Johnson, J. H., Talor, M. V., Dohan, C. F., Bingham, C. O., Musci, R. J., Roth, K. B., Kelly, D. L., et al. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114812 · Cited by 11
Prevalence and Determinants of Psychiatric Disorders in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ching Lok, E. Y., Mok, C. C., Cheng, C. W., & Chi Cheung, E. F. (2010) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(10)70705-2 · Cited by 10
Paradox of schizophrenia genetics: is a paradigm shift occurring?
Doi, N., Hoshi, Y., Itokawa, M., Yoshikawa, T., Ichikawa, T., Arai, M., Usui, C., & Tachikawa, H. (2012) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-8-28 · Cited by 11
Acetylsalicylic acid as an adjuvant therapy for schizophrenia
Laan, W., Selten, J., Kahn, R. S., Huisman, A.-M., Heijnen, C. J., Grobbee, D. E., & Burger, H. (2006) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-7-31 · Cited by 10
Possible Critical Role of Latent Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Triggering, Development and Persistence of Autoimmune Diseases
PRANDOTA, J., & 5 Bartla; Str., 5.-6. W. (2018) · International Journal of Neurology Research · doi:10.17554/j.issn.2313-5611.2018.04.79 · Cited by 9
Prostaglandin-mediated signaling in schizophrenia
Smesny, S. (2004) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(04)59010-4 · Cited by 9
Could platelet activating factor play a role in developmental dyslexia?
Taylor, K. E., Richardson, A. J., & Stein, J. F. (2001) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1054/plef.2001.0258 · Cited by 8
NOVEL NANO THERAPEUTIC MATERIALS FOR THE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS-RECENT INSIGHTS
AHUJA, N. K., & Rajawat, J. S. (2021) · International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics · doi:10.22159/ijap.2021v13i6.42912 · Cited by 7
La etiología de la esquizofrenia
Gejman, P. V., & Sanders, A. R. (2012) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 7
Research Strategies and Priorities to Improve the Lives of People With Schizophrenia: Executive Summary of the Ernst Struungmann Forum on Schizophrenia
Silverstein, S. M., Moghaddam, B., & Wykes, T. (2014) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbt238 · Cited by 7
Beyond the first episode: Candidate factors for a risk prediction model of schizophrenia
Murphy, B. (2010) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261003661833 · Cited by 7
Obsessive-compulsive disorder: a neuronal membrane phospholipid hypothesis and concomitant therapeutic strategy
Oken, R. J. (2001) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1054/mehy.2000.1147 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Lack of evidence for associations between plasma platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase deficiency and schizophrenia
Ohtsuki, T., Watanabe, H., Toru, M., & Arinami, T. (2002) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00353-5 · Cited by 7
Psychiatric genetics: A frightful chromosome
Flint, J. (2001) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(01)00551-6 · Cited by 6
Effect of TGF-β1 polymorphism on the susceptibility to schizophrenia and treatment response to atypical antipsychotic agent
Lee, H.-Y., & Kim, Y. (2010) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1601-5215.2009.00435.x · Cited by 6
Phospholipids and Insulin Resistance in Psychosis: A Lipidomics Study of Twin Pairs Discordant for Schizophrenia
Orešič, M., Seppänen-Laakso, T., Sun, D., Tang, J., Therman, S., Viehman, R., Mustonen, U., van Erp, T. G., Hyötyläinen, T., Thompson, P., et al. (2012) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/gm300 · Cited by 5
Increased Lymphocyte Caspase-3 Activity in Patients with Schizophrenia
Lazarevic, D. S., Đorđević, V. V., Ćosić, V., Vlahović, P., Tošić-Golubović, S., Ristić, T., & Đorđević, V. B. (2010) · Journal of Medical Biochemistry · doi:10.2478/v10011-011-0002-x · Cited by 5
Assessment of Subclinical Psychotic Symptoms in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Spondyloarthritis
Prados-Ojeda, J. L., Luque, R., Gordillo-Urbano, R. M., Guler, I., Medina, C. L., Collantes‐Estévez, E., & Escudero‐Contreras, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10163461 · Cited by 5
Oxidative stress, rRNA genes, and antioxidant enzymes in pathogenesis of schizophrenia and autism: Modeling and clinical recommendations
Porokhovnik, L. N., Vp, P., Yegolina, N. A., Tzvetkova, T. G., Kosyakova, N., Gorbachevskaya, N. L., Sukhotina, N. K., Kozlovskaya, G. V., Sorokin, A. B., Korovina, N. Y., et al. (2014) · Biology Bulletin Reviews · doi:10.1134/s2079086414050065 · Cited by 4
Plasmalogens, platelet-activating factor, and other ether glycerophospholipids
Farooqui, A. A., & Horrocks, L. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1533/9780857097934.107 · Cited by 4
Human Genome data analyzed by an evolutionary method suggests a decrease in cerebral protein-synthesis rate as cause of schizophrenia and an increase as antipsychotic mechanismPreprint
Moises, H. W. (2001) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.cond-mat/0110189 · Cited by 6
The relationship between schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and type 1 diabetes mellitus: a scoping review of observational studies
Liu, Y.-C., Liao, Y., & Lin, K. (2024) · Neuropsychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s40211-024-00499-y · Cited by 3
Systematic evaluation of the associations between schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases: An umbrella review
Sun, Z., Han, B., Ding, Q., Feng, Y., Jia, T., Ouyang, Y., Guo, X., Liang, J., Huang, Q., Kou, C., et al. (2025) · Autoimmunity Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.autrev.2025.103854 · Cited by 2
Factores de riesgo de aparición de esquizofrenia
Coronas, R., Arrufat, F., Domènech, C., & Cobo, J. (2002) · Psiquiatría Biológica · Cited by 2
Approche psychosomatique des affections rhumatologiques
Adam, P., Tyrant, A. L., & Lejoyeux, M. (2011) · EMC - Appareil locomoteur · doi:10.1016/s0246-0521(11)50880-0 · Cited by 2
Epidemiology of comorbidities in early rheumatoid arthritis : with emphasis on cardiovascular disease
Kerola, A. M. (2015) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja · Cited by 2
Risk Factors for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Other Nongenetic Host Factors
Hochberg, M. C., Oliver, J. E., & Silman, A. J. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-032305475-1.50011-2 · Cited by 1
Chapitre 15 – Troubles somatoformes et intrications médicopsychiatriques
Hardy, P. (2017) · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-74927-8.00015-2 · Cited by 1

Authors: Oken, R. J., & Schulzer, M.
Affiliations: University of British Columbia (CA)
Corresponding author: Oken, R. J.
Venue: Schizophrenia Bulletin
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1999-01-01
Volume: 25
Issue: 4
Pages: 625-638
ISSN: 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
1745-1701
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033407
OpenAlex: W2100059339
Cited by: 129
References: 84
Citations by year: 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 0.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
Keywords: schizophrenia, rheumatoid arthritis
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Schizophrenia, Comorbidity

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

At Issue: Schizophrenia and Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Negative Association Revisited

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks