Trunk Muscle Stabilization Training Plus General Exercise Versus General Exercise Only: Randomized Controlled Trial of Patients With Recurrent Low Back Pain
Abstract
Background and Purpose. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to examine the usefulness of the addition of specific stabilization exercises to a general back and abdominal muscle exercise approach for patients with subacute or chronic nonspecific back pain by comparing a specific muscle stabilization–enhanced general exercise approach with a general exercise–only approach. Subjects. Fifty-five patients with recurrent, nonspecific back pain (stabilization–enhanced exercise group: n=29, general exercise–only group: n=26) and no clinical signs suggesting spinal instability were recruited. Methods. Both groups received an 8-week exercise intervention and written advice (The Back Book). Outcome was based on self-reported pain (Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire), disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire), and cognitive status (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, Pain Locus of Control Scale) measured immediately before and after intervention and 3 months after the end of the intervention period. Results. Outcome measures for both groups improved. Furthermore, self-reported disability improved more in the general exercise–only group immediately after intervention but not at the 3-month follow-up. There were generally no differences between the 2 exercise approaches for any of the other outcomes. Discussion and Conclusion. A general exercise program reduced disability in the short term to a greater extent than a stabilization-enhanced exercise approach in patients with recurrent nonspecific low back pain. Stabilization exercises do not appear to provide additional benefit to patients with subacute or chronic low back pain who have no clinical signs suggesting the presence of spinal instability.
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The net exercise time was set to 20 min for the core stability exercise group and 14 min for the general exercise group to balance estimated total trunk muscle force output between groups.
“However, the net exercise time was defined to be 20 min for the CSE and 14 for the GE group (total of 320 and 224 min respectively). To balance estimated total trunk muscle force output between groups, based on previous studies [17], these times were chosen.”
From Comparison of muscle activation imbalance following core stability or general exercises in nonspecific low back pain: a quasi-randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Koumantakis, G. A., Watson, P. J., & Oldham, J. A.
- Affiliations
- GA Koumantakis, PT, PhD, MCSP, is Lecturer, School of Physical Therapy, Athens, Greece, and Private Practitioner, Drosopoulou 6, Kypseli, Athens, 112 57, Greece
- University of Leicester (GB)
- University of Manchester (GB)
- ORCID
- Watson, Paul J
- Venue
- Physical Therapy
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-03-01
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 209-225
- ISSN
- 0031-9023 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-6724
- OpenAlex
- W2107081062
- Cited by
- 433
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 11.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy-related medical research
- Keywords
- non-specific low back pain, chronic low back pain, subacute low back pain, general exercise, abdominal muscle exercise, disability, pain self-efficacy, kinesiophobia, exercise intervention
- MeSH terms
- Abdominal Muscles, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Chronic Disease, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Lumbosacral Region, Middle Aged, Muscle Contraction, Pain Measurement, Pamphlets, Patient Compliance, Patient Education as Topic, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome, Low Back Pain, Muscle, Skeletal, Self Efficacy, Physical Therapy Modalities
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