Development of the Cognitive Therapy Adherence and Competence Scale
Abstract
The authors present basic psychometric data for a new 21-item Cognitive Therapy Adherence and Competence Scale (CTACS; Liese, Barber, & Beck, 1995), which is based on the widely used Cognitive Therapy Scale (CTS; Young & Beck, 1980). The CTACS attempts to provide a wider coverage of cognitive therapists' activities than the CTS. Two expert cognitive therapists rated randomly chosen audiotaped therapy sessions from cocaine-dependent patients randomized to receive cognitive therapy, supportive-expressive dynamic therapy, or individual counseling as part of the training phase and the clinical phase (n = 60 and n = 69, respectively) of the National Institute on Drug Abuse Cocaine Collaborative Treatment Study. Results indicate that the CTACS has acceptable levels of interjudge reliability and criterion validity.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
All sessions were video recorded, and a random selection (20%, N = 25) was rated for competence and adherence by an independent expert clinician using the CTACS.
“All sessions were video recorded with a random selection (20%, N = 25) rated for competence and adherence by an independent expert clinician using the Cognitive Therapy Adherence and Competence Scale (CTACS; Barber, 2003).”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty–Focused Treatment for Adolescents With Excessive Worry: A Pilot Feasibility Study (2020) · cites this paper as Barber, 2003
The CTACS has acceptable inter-rater reliability and criterion validity.
“The CTACS has been found to have acceptable inter-rater reliability and criterion validity (Barber, 2003).”
From Intolerance of Uncertainty–Focused Treatment for Adolescents With Excessive Worry: A Pilot Feasibility Study (2020) · cites this paper as Barber, 2003
Cites
Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability.
Shrout, P. E., & Fleiss, J. L. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420 · Cited by 23,433 · see citing works
(1985) · Cited by 2,882 · see citing works
Cognitive therapy of personality disorders
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-2993 · Cited by 1,770 · see citing works
A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression.
Jacobson, N. S., Dobson, K. S., Truax, P. A., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., Gollan, J. K., Gortner, E., & Prince, S. E. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.2.295 · Cited by 1,413 · see citing works
Testing the integrity of a psychotherapy protocol: Assessment of adherence and competence
Waltz, J., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., & Jacobson, N. S. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.4.620 · Cited by 873 · see citing works
Treatment fidelity in outcome studies
Moncher, F. J., & Prinz, R. J. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90103-2 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Handbook of psychotherapy supervision.
Watkins, & Edward, C. W. (1997) · John Wiley & Sons, Inc. eBooks · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Cognitive Therapy of Substance Abuse
Beck, A. T., Wright, F. D., Newman, C. F., Liese, B. S., & Stein, D. J. (1995) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.9.2.136 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Self-citationFrontiers of Cognitive Therapy
Salkovskis, P. M. (1997) · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Crits-Christoph, P. F. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.6.493 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Determinants of change in cognitive therapy for depression
DeRubeis, R. J., & Feeley, M. (1990) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01172968 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Luborsky, L. B. (1984) · Cited by 385 · see citing works
The Cognitive Therapy Scale: Psychometric properties.
Vallis, M., Shaw, B. F., & Dobson, K. S. (1986) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.54.3.381 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Therapist competence ratings in relation to clinical outcome in cognitive therapy of depression.
Shaw, B. F., Elkin, I., Yamaguchi, J., Olmsted, M. P., Vallis, M., Dobson, K. S., Lowery, A., Sotsky, S. M., Watkins, J. T., & Imber, S. D. (1999) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.67.6.837 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
FAWCETT, J. A., Epstein, P., Fiester, S. J., Elkin, I., & Autry, J. H. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Mediators and moderators of change in cognitive therapy of depression.
Whisman, M. A. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.2.248 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Effects of therapist adherence and competence on patient outcome in brief dynamic therapy.
Barber, J. P., Crits-Christoph, P. F., & Luborsky, L. B. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.64.3.619 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationHill, C. E., O'Grady, K. E., & Elkin, I. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.60.1.73 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Dynamic Therapies for Psychiatric Disorders (Axis I)
Barber, J. P., & Crits-Christoph, P. F. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationBarber, J., & Critis-Christoph, P. (1996) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503309612331331608 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationDeRubeis, R. J., Hollon, S. D., Evans, M. D., & Bemis, K. M. (1982) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.50.5.744 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Training in cognitive, supportive-expressive, and drug counseling therapies for cocaine dependence.
Crits-Christoph, P. F., Siqueland, L., Chittams, J. L., Barber, J. P., Beck, A. T., Frank, A. F., Liese, B. S., Luborsky, L. B., Mark, D. M., Mercer, D. E., et al. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.3.484 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationReliability of a measure of the quality of cognitive therapy
Dobson, K. S., Shaw, B. F., & Vallis, M. (1985) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1985.tb00662.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Luborsky, L. B., WOODY, G. E., McLellan, A. T., O’Brien, C. P., & Rosenzweig, J. (1982) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.50.1.49 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Beck, J. S. (2007) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e681942007-001 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Measuring adherence and competence of dynamic therapists in the treatment of cocaine dependence.
Barber, J. P., Krakauer, I. D., Calvo, N., Badgio, P. C., & Faude, J. (1997) · PubMed Central · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationLiese, B. S., & Beck, A. T. (1997) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e495632006-011 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationTeaching psychological knowledge and skills to family physicians
Liese, B. S., Shepherd, D. D., Cameron, C. L., et al. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/bf01988625 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationTherapist techniques used during the cognitive therapy of opiate-dependent patients
Baranackie, K., Crits-Christoph, P. F., & Kurcias, J. (1992) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(92)90064-u · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Öst, L.-G., Havnen, A., Hansen, B., & Kvale, G. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.003 · Cited by 655 · see citing works
The efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Öst, L.-G. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.018 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Hogue, A., Henderson, C. E., Dauber, S., Barajas, P. C., Fried, A., & Liddle, H. A. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.4.544 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Roth, A. D., & Pilling, S. (2008) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465808004141 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
A systematic review of methods for assessing competence in cognitive-behavioural therapy.
Muse, K., & McManus, F. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.01.010 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Hilsenroth, M. J., Blagys, M. D., Ackerman, S. J., Bonge, D. R., & Blais, M. A. (2005) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.42.3.340 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Reme, S. E., Grasdal, A. L., Løvvik, C., Lie, S. A., & Øverland, S. (2015) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2014-102700 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy for the Treatment of Headache Pain: A Pilot Study
Day, M. A., Thorn, B. E., Ward, L. C., Rubin, N., Hickman, S. D., Scogin, F., & Kilgo, G. R. (2014) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e318287a1dc · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Thorn, B. E., Day, M. A., Burns, J., Kuhajda, M. C., Gaskins, S. W., Sweeney, K., McConley, R., Ward, C. L., & Cabbil, C. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.07.007 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Seng, E. K., Singer, A. B., Metts, C., Grinberg, A. S., Patel, Z. S., Marzouk, M., Rosenberg, L., Day, M., Minen, M. T., Lipton, R. B., et al. (2019) · Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13657 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Nordahl, H. M., Borkovec, T. D., Hagen, R., Kennair, L. E. O., Hjemdal, O., Solem, S., Hansen, B., Haseth, S., & Wells, A. (2018) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2018.54 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Day, M. A., Ward, L. C., Ehde, D. M., Thorn, B. E., Burns, J., Barnier, A., Mattingley, J. B., & Jensen, M. P. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pny273 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Assessing treatment integrity in acceptance and commitment therapy: strategies and suggestions
Plumb, J. C., & Vilardaga, R. (2010) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100912 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Thompson-Brenner, H., Boswell, J. F., Espel-Huynh, H., Brooks, G., & Lowe, M. R. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2018.1446563 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Assessing fidelity in individual and family therapy for adolescent substance abuse
Hogue, A., Dauber, S., Chinchilla, P., Fried, A., Henderson, C., Inclan, J., Reiner, R. H., & Liddle, H. A. (2008) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2007.09.002 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Lundström, L., Flygare, O., Andersson, E., Enander, J., Bottai, M., Ivanov, V. Z., Boberg, J., Pascal, D., Mataix-Cols, D., & Rück, C. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.1967 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Nordgreen, T., Haug, T., Öst, L.-G., Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., Kvale, G., Tangen, T., Heiervang, E., & Havik, O. E. (2016) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.10.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Haug, T., Nordgreen, T., Öst, L.-G., Tangen, T., Kvale, G., Hovland, O. J., Heiervang, E. R., & Havik, O. E. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.004 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Burns, J. W., Jensen, M. P., Thorn, B., Lillis, T. A., Carmody, J., Newman, A. K., & Keefe, F. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002357 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The Social Phobia Psychotherapy Research Network
Leichsenring, F., Hoyer, J., Beutel, M., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Irle, E., Joraschky, P., König, H. H., de Liz, T. M., Nolting, B., et al. (2009) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000162299 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Wahlund, T., Andersson, E., Jolstedt, M., Perrin, S., Vigerland, S., & Serlachius, E. (2020) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.06.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dennhag, I., Gibbons, M. B. C., Barber, J. P., Gallop, R., & Crits-Christoph, P. (2012) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2012.716528 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Barber, J. P., Liese, B. S., & Abrams, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Kansas Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Psychotherapy Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-06-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 205-221
- ISSN
- 1050-3307 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-4381
- OpenAlex
- W1989507441
- Cited by
- 176
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychotherapy Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive therapy, therapist adherence, therapist competence, scale development, psychometric properties, cocaine dependence, individual counseling, inter-rater reliability, criterion validity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
