The neural correlates of attentional bias in blood phobia as revealed by the N2pc
Open accessAbstract
In the literature, a lack of attentional bias in blood phobia has been reported, using both behavioral and ERP measures. However, in the tasks employed so far, attentional resources to single stimuli, rather than attentional selection, were evaluated. The present study investigated whether in blood phobics disorder-relevant pictures can capture visuo-spatial attention when paired with neutral or non-specific unpleasant pictures (attack), and participants have to focus on a visual detection task. The N2pc component of the ERPs was measured as an index of spatial attentional selection. Results showed that in blood phobics, but not in controls, injuries elicited a larger early N2pc than attack pictures when paired with neutral material. Moreover, only in blood phobics a reliable N2pc to injury-attack pairs was found. The late N2pc reversal to injury pictures suggests that early orienting to phobic cues was followed by cognitive avoidance.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
N2pc findings suggest that AB to fear-relevant threat may rapidly fluctuate from initial vigilance to avoidance in under 500 ms.
“N2pc findings suggest that AB to fear-relevant threat may rapidly fluctuate from initial vigilance to avoidance in under 500 ms (Buodo et al., 2010).”
From Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification (2016) · cites this paper as Buodo et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,841 · see citing works
The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory
Oldfield, R. C. (1971) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(71)90067-4 · Cited by 35,900 · see citing works
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Siegel, L. J., & Fletcher‐Janzen, E. (2008) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470373699.speced0655 · Cited by 8,468 · see citing works
The ten-twenty electrode system of the international federation
Jasper, H. H. (1958) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · Cited by 6,567 · see citing works
(2005) · CTIT technical reports series · Cited by 5,307 · see citing works
A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact
Gratton, G., Coles, M. G. H., & Donchin, E. (1983) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(83)90135-9 · Cited by 5,055 · see citing works
Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: a meta-analytic study.
Bar-Haim, Y., Lamy, D., Pergamin, L., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1 · Cited by 3,721 · see citing works
Klem, G. H., Lüders, H. O., Jasper, H. H., & Elger, C. E. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2,361 · see citing works
Cuthbert, B. N., Schupp, H. T., Bradley, M. M., Birbaumer, N., & Lang, P. J. (2000) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00044-7 · Cited by 1,900 · see citing works
A cognitive-motivational analysis of anxiety.
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00063-1 · Cited by 1,642 · see citing works
Electrophysiological correlates of feature analysis during visual search
LUCK, S. J., & HILLYARD, S. A. (1994) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1994.tb02218.x · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety?
Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.681 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
The visual N1 component as an index of a discrimination process
Vogel, E. K., & Luck, S. J. (2000) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/1469-8986.3720190 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
A fear survey schedule for use in behaviour therapy
Wolpe, J., & Lang, P. J. (1964) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(64)90051-8 · Cited by 1,020 · see citing works
The N2pc component as an indicator of attentional selectivity
Eimer, M. (1996) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(96)95711-9 · Cited by 1,018 · see citing works
Attentional bias for threat: evidence for delayed disengagement from emotional faces
Fox, E., Russo, R., & Dutton, K. (2002) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930143000527 · Cited by 954 · see citing works
Lang, P. J., Simons, R. F., Balaban, M. T., & Simons, R. (2013) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203726457 · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Psychometric description of some specific-fear questionnaires
Klorman, R., Weerts, T. C., Hastings, J. E., Melamed, B. G., & Lang, P. J. (1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80008-0 · Cited by 763 · see citing works
A cognitive model of selective processing in anxiety
Mathews, A., & Mackintosh, B. (1998) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018738019346 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
The selective processing of briefly presented affective pictures: An ERP analysis
Schupp, H. T., Junghöfer, M., Weike, A. I., & Hamm, A. O. (2004) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2004.00174.x · Cited by 679 · see citing works
Electrophysiological measurement of rapid shifts of attention during visual search
Woodman, G. F., & Luck, S. J. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/23698 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., Miles, F. J., & Dixon, R. (2004) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930341000158 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Time course of attentional bias for threat information in non-clinical anxiety.
Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., De Bono, J., & Painter, M. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00109-x · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Colour naming of phobia‐related words
Watts, F., MCKENNA, F. P., Sharrock, R., & Trezise, L. (1986) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb01985.x · Cited by 452 · see citing works
The Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV).
Grisham, J. R., Brown, T. A., & Campbell, L. (2004) · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Michelson, A. A. (1927) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · Cited by 407 · see citing works
Brain potentials in perception: Picture complexity and emotional arousal
Bradley, M. M., Hamby, S., Löw, A., & Lang, P. J. (2007) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2007.00520.x · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Visual evoked potentials, heart rate responses and memory to emotional pictorial stimuli
Palomba, D., Angrilli, A., & Mini, A. (1997) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(97)00751-4 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Slow cortical potentials and behavior
Rockstroh, B. S. (1989) · Urban & Schwarzenberg eBooks · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Codispoti, M., Ferrari, V., & Bradley, M. M. (2007) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.4.577 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Cardiac responses associated with affective processing of unpleasant film stimuli
Palomba, D., Sarlo, M., Angrilli, A., Mini, A., & Stegagno, L. (2000) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(99)00099-9 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Self-citationSelective processing of threat cues in panic disorder
McNally, R. J., Riemann, B. C., & Kim, E. S. (1990) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(90)90160-k · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Attentional bias to threat in clinical anxiety states
Mogg, K., Mathews, A., & Eysenck, M. W. (1992) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939208411064 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
The epidemiology of blood-injection-injury phobia
BIENVENU, O. J., & EATON, W. W. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798007144 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Electrophysiological evidence of attentional biases in social anxiety disorder
Mueller, E. M., Hofmann, S. G., Santesso, D. L., Meuret, A. E., Bitran, S., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291708004820 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Page, A. C. (1994) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(94)90036-1 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Attentional capture by task-irrelevant fearful faces is revealed by the N2pc component
Martin Eimer, A., & Kiss, M. (2006) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.008 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Time course of attentional bias for fear-relevant pictures in spider-fearful individuals
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.05.003 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Buodo, G., Sarlo, M., & Palomba, D. (2002) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1019886501965 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Self-citationAttentional selectivity for emotional faces: Evidence from human electrophysiology
Holmes, A., Bradley, B. P., Nielsen, M. K., & Mogg, K. (2008) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00750.x · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Miltner, W. H. R., Trippe, R. H., Krieschel, S., Gutberlet, I., Hecht, H., & Weiß, T. (2005) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.01.012 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Fox, E., Derakshan, N., & Shoker, L. (2008) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282f53d2a · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Electrophysiological correlates of threat processing in spider phobics.
Kolassa, I., Musial, F., Mohr, A., Trippe, R. H., & Miltner, W. (2005) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2005.00315.x · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Sawchuk, C. N., Lohr, J. M., Lee, T. C., & Tolin, D. F. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00127-2 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Pauli, P., Dengler, W., Wiedemann, G., Montoya, P., al, E., Birbaumer, N., & Buchkremer, G. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.106.2.213 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Changes in EEG alpha power to different disgust elicitors: the specificity of mutilations
Sarlo, M., Buodo, G., Poli, S., & Palomba, D. (2005) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.037 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationModulation of the acoustic startle reflex by emotionally-toned film-clips
Kaviani, H., Gray, J. A., Checkley, S. A., Kumari, V., & Wilson, G. D. (1999) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/s0167-8760(98)00063-4 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Visuospatial Attention: Evidence from Event-related Brain Potentials
Eimer, M. (1998) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/713756778 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Stanford, M. S., Vasterling, J. J., Mathias, C. W., Constans, J. I., & Houston, R. J. (2001) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00236-0 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pauli, P., Dengler, W., Wiedemann, G., et al. (1997) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.106.2.213 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Schienle, A., Schäfer, A., & Naumann, E. (2008) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803.22.1.5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Information processing biases in generalized anxiety disorder
Hayes, S., & Hirsch, C. R. (2007) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.02.003 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fear, disgust, and information processing in specific phobia:
Sawchuk, C. N., Meunier, S. A., Lohr, J. M., & Westendorf, D. H. (2002) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(02)00168-8 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Event-related potentials and visual avoidance in blood phobics: is there any attentional bias?
Buodo, G., Sarlo, M., Codispoti, M., & Palomba, D. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20172 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationBuodo, G., Peyk, P., Junghöfer, M., Palomba, D., & Rockstroh, B. S. (2007) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2007.07.024 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A review of current evidence for the causal impact of attentional bias on fear and anxiety
Van Bockstaele, B., Verschuere, B., Tibboel, H., De Houwer, J., Crombez, G., & Koster, E. H. W. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0034834 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Anxiety and attention to threat: cognitive mechanisms and treatment with attention bias modification
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.001 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
Automaticity in anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder
Teachman, B. A., Joormann, J., Steinman, S. A., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.004 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Cognitive biases in blood-injection-injury phobia: a review
Abado, E., Aue, T., & Okon-Singer, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.678891 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Buodo, G., Sarlo, M., & Munafò, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-12-05
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-38
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC2840844
- OpenAlex
- W2101789092
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CINECA IRIS Institutional Research information system (University of Urbino) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- blood phobia, attentional bias, N2pc, spatial attention, orienting, cognitive avoidance, phobic stimuli, visual detection task, neural correlates
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Blood, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Cues, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Female, Humans, Phobic Disorders, Photic Stimulation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
