Diminished cerebral inhibition in neonates associated with risk factors for schizophrenia: parental psychosis, maternal depression, and nicotine use
Open accessAbstract
Diminished inhibitory gating of cerebral auditory evoked responses is transmitted in families with psychoses as an endophenotype related to the genetic risk for these illnesses. To assess whether the endophenotype is already expressed in infants of parents with psychotic illness and to assess effects of other known risk factors for schizophrenia, ie, maternal cigarette smoking and depression, inhibitory gating of cerebral auditory evoked responses was evaluated by comparing the P1 evoked responses to the first and second of paired auditory stimuli. Cerebral evoked responses were recorded during active sleep from 22 infants with a parent diagnosed with a psychotic illness and 129 infants with parents with no such history. Of these infants, 25 were prenatally exposed to nicotine (16 from the comparison group and 9 from the group with parental psychosis). Mothers of 35 infants had diagnoses of major depressive disorder. Parental psychosis (P = .032) and exposure to maternal smoking (P = .012) both resulted in diminished inhibitory gating in infant offspring. Compared to infants of mothers who did not smoke and who had neither parental psychosis nor maternal depression, diminished inhibitory gating was observed in infants with parental psychosis (P = .027) and in infants with maternal depression (P = .049). Diminished inhibitory gating of auditory evoked response in infants who have risk factors for schizophrenia mirrors reports of its familial transmission in adults. The results further indicate that the phenotypic expression of familial genetic and environmental risks for psychosis is already manifest very early in development.
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Children exposed to tobacco smoke during gestation exhibit non-clinical deficits in various cognitive domains.
“A number of studies have also shown that children exposed to tobacco smoke during gestation exhibit non-clinical deficits in various cognitive domains [3, 8–10].”
From Impaired auditory discrimination learning following perinatal nicotine exposure or β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit deletion (2012) · cites this paper as [10]
P50 deficits are already present in many newborn infants of parents with schizophrenia.
“P50 deficits are already present in many newborn infants of parents with schizophrenia Table 2; (43).”
From Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia (2015) · cites this paper as [43]
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“Diminished P50 response inhibition in newborns has been associated with their parent’s psychosis, the greatest risk factor for future psychotic illness (27).”
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- Authors
- Hunter, S. K., Kisley, M. A., McCarthy, L., Freedman, R., & Ross, R. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Denver (US)
- University of Colorado Colorado Springs (US)
- Denver Health Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hunter, S. K.
- Venue
- Schizophrenia Bulletin
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-04-19
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1200-1208
- ISSN
- 0586-7614 (ISSN-L)
- 1745-1701
- PMC
- PMC3196957
- OpenAlex
- W2129730344
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Schizophrenia Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-068582, P50MH086383, MH056539, MH086383, P50MH068582)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- schizophrenia risk factors, endophenotypes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Child Development, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Female, Humans, Infant, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Mothers, Psychotic Disorders, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Sleep, Tobacco Use Disorder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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