Morning or evening activity improves neuropsychological performance and subjective sleep quality in older adults
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Sleep disturbances and decline in neuropsychological performance are common in older adults. Reduced social and physical activity is likely a contributing factor for these age-related changes in sleep and cognition. We previously demonstrated that a program of structured social and physical activity, with 2 daily activity sessions, 1 in the morning and 1 in the evening for a relatively short period of 2 weeks, improved sleep and neuropsychological performance in community-dwelling older adults. The goals of this pilot study were to determine whether a single daily morning or evening activity session for 2 weeks would also improve sleep and neuropsychological function and whether these effects were dependent on the timing of the activity sessions. DESIGN: We compared the effect of morning or evening structured activity sessions in a repeated-measures crossover design. Subjective mood, neuropsychological performance tasks, and subjective and objective measures of sleep were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. SETTING: All procedures took place in the participant's residence. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve older men and women (74.6 +/- 5.5 years of age). INTERVENTIONS: Subjects participated in 14 days of structured activity sessions in the morning (9:00-10:30 am) or evening (7:00-8:30 pm). Sessions consisted of stretching, low-impact aerobics, and game playing. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Exposure to either morning or evening activity significantly improved performance on a neuropsychological test battery. Morning activity sessions increased throughput on 4 of 8 performance tasks, while evening activity sessions improved throughput on 7 of the 8 performance tasks. Subjective sleep-quality ratings, measured by the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, improved following activity sessions in either the morning or the evening. Objective measures of sleep did not improve when measured by actigraphy or polysomnography. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that short-term exposure to either morning or evening social and physical activity improves objective measures of neuropsychological performance and subjective sleep quality in the elderly. Increasing exposure to social and physical activity may be a useful intervention to improve sleep quality and daytime function in older adults.
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The effect sizes for improvements in sleep duration and subjective sleep quality in this study were similar to or greater than those reported for cognitive behavioral intervention and other physical activity studies.
“The effect size for the improvements in sleep duration and subjective sleep quality in this study were similar or even greater than that reported for cognitive behavioral intervention and other physical activity studies [18, 30, 36-38].”
From Aerobic exercise improves self-reported sleep and quality of life in older adults with insomnia (2010) · cites this paper as [18]
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- Authors
- Benloucif, S., Orbeta, L., Ortiz, R., Janssen, I., Finkel, S. I., Bleiberg, J., & Zee, P. C.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- CJE SeniorLife (US)
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Benloucif, Susan
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-12
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1542-1551
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W39124330
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 4.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- National Institutes of Health (5k01ag000810-04)
- National Institute on Aging (1P01 AG1142, K01 AG00810)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K07HL003891, 5K07 HL03891)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- older adults, sleep quality, neuropsychological performance, physical activity, social activity, activity timing, cognitive function, sleep disorders, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Affect, Aged, Aging, Circadian Rhythm, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep, Space Perception, Exercise, Cross-Over Studies
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