Complex Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Is It a Unique Clinical Syndrome?
Abstract
Study objectives Some patients with apparent obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) have elimination of obstructive events but emergence of problematic central apneas or Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern. Patients with this sleep-disordered breathing problem, which for the sake of study we call the "complex sleep apnea syndrome," are not well characterized. We sought to determine the prevalence of complex sleep apnea syndrome and hypothesized that the clinical characteristics of patients with complex sleep apnea syndrome would more nearly resemble those of patients with central sleep apnea syndrome (CSA) than with those of patients with OSAHS. Design Retrospective review Setting Sleep disorders center. Patients or participants Two hundred twenty-three adults consecutively referred over 1 month plus 20 consecutive patients diagnosed with CSA. Interventions NA. Measurements and results Prevalence of complex sleep apnea syndrome, OSAHS, and CSA in the 1-month sample was 15%, 84%, and 0.4%, respectively. Patients with complex sleep apnea syndrome differed in gender from patients with OSAHS (81% vs 60% men, p Conclusions Patients with complex sleep apnea syndrome are mostly similar to those with OSAHS until one applies continuous positive airway pressure. They are left with very disrupted breathing and sleep on continuous positive airway pressure. Clinical risk factors don't predict the emergence of complex sleep apnea syndrome, and best treatment is not known.
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Psychological and behavioral treatments are effective for adults of all ages, including older adults, and chronic hypnotic users.
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Psychological and behavioral interventions are effective in treating chronic primary and comorbid insomnia.
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Physical and mental status examination may provide important information regarding comorbid conditions and differential diagnosis.
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- Authors
- Morgenthaler, T. I., Kagramanov, V., Hanak, V., & Decker, P. A.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Michigan Medicine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Morgenthaler, Timothy I.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1203-1209
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W44341116
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 14.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, central sleep apnea, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, continuous positive airway pressure, apnea-hypopnea index, sleep-disordered breathing, prevalence, clinical features
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep, REM, Prevalence, Polysomnography, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
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