The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nightly Treatment of Primary Insomnia With Eszopiclone for Six Months: Effect on Sleep, Quality of Life, and Work Limitations
Open accessAbstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate 6 months' eszopiclone treatment upon patient-reported sleep, fatigue and sleepiness, insomnia severity, quality of life, and work limitations. DESIGN: Randomized, double blind, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: 54 research sites in the U.S. PATIENTS: 830 primary insomnia patients who reported mean nightly total sleep time (TST) < or = 6.5 hours/night and/or mean nightly sleep latency (SL) >30 min. INTERVENTION: Eszopiclone 3 mg or matching placebo. MEASUREMENTS: Patient-reported sleep measures, Insomnia Severity Index, Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Work Limitations Questionnaire, and other assessments measured during baseline, treatment Months 1-6, and 2 weeks following discontinuation of treatment. RESULTS: Patient-reported sleep and daytime function were improved more with eszopiclone than with placebo at all months (P <0.001). Eszopiclone reduced Insomnia Severity Index scores to below clinically meaningful levels for 50% of patients (vs 19% with placebo; P <0.05) at Month 6. SF-36 domains of Physical Functioning, Vitality, and Social Functioning were improved with eszopiclone vs placebo for the Month 1-6 average (P < 0.05). Similarly, improvements were observed for all domains of the Work Limitations Questionnaire with eszopiclone vs placebo for the Month 1-6 average (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first placebo-controlled investigation to demonstrate that long-term nightly pharmacologic treatment of primary insomnia with any hypnotic enhanced quality of life, reduced work limitations, and reduced global insomnia severity, in addition to improving patient-reported sleep variables.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In comparison with pharmacological therapies, in a study of the hypnotic eszopiclone over a 1-6 month period there was a 15 point increase in vitality [45].”
From Aerobic exercise improves self-reported sleep and quality of life in older adults with insomnia (2010) · cites this paper as [45]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,603
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,417
A New Method for Measuring Daytime Sleepiness: The Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Johns, M. W. (1991) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/14.6.540 · Cited by 17,364
SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide
Ware, J. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,424
Validation of the Insomnia Severity Index as an outcome measure for insomnia research
Bastien, C. (2001) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/s1389-9457(00)00065-4 · Cited by 8,067
Krupp, L. B. (1989) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520460115022 · Cited by 6,172
Norman, G. R., Sloan, J. A., & Wyrwich, K. W. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000062554.74615.4c · Cited by 4,700
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young Adults
Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 · Cited by 1,831
Self-citationThe Work Limitations Questionnaire
Lerner, D., Amick, B. C., Rogers, W. H., Malspeis, S., Bungay, K. M., & Cynn, D. J. (2001) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200101000-00009 · Cited by 977
National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference Statement
(2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.9.1049 · Cited by 745
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- American Psychiatric Association. Sleep disorders. In: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4 th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 1994:597-661
- Leger D, Massuel MA, Metlaine A; SISYPHE Study Group. Profes- sional correlates of insomnia. Sleep 2006;29:171-8.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–238 of 238
Insomnio crónico y funciones ejecutivas: Un estudio neuropsicológico
Ilioudi, C. (2013) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapies in the Management of Insomnia in Adults
Suh, P. S. A. S. (2013) · Clinical Medicine Reviews in Therapeutics · doi:10.4137/cmrt.s10265 · Cited by 1
Geisler, P., & Crönlein, T. (2014) · Schlaf · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1626104
Chowdhuri, S. (2011) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-735-8_2
Opciones para tratar el insomnio en las mujeres
Davidson, J. R. (2009) · Clínicas obstétricas y ginecológicas de Norteamérica · doi:10.1016/s1885-9070(09)36074-6
Krystal, A. D. (2007) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900026110
Self-citationSubjective and Objective Daytime Consequences of Insomnia
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (2016) · doi:10.3109/9781420080803-4
Clinical Trials and the Development of New Therapeutics for Insomnia
Zammit, G. K. (2010) · Medical psychiatry · doi:10.3109/9781420080803.038
A Global Perspective to Falling Asleep
Pendle, R. (2015) · Journal of Sleep Disorders & Therapy · doi:10.4172/2167-0277.1000205
Joffe, H., Petrillo, L. F., Viguera, A. C., Koukopoulos, A. E., Silver-Heilman, K., Farrell, A., Yu, G., Silver, M., & Cohen, L. S. (2010)
Redden, W. M. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-74604-3_6
Naturaleza y tratamiento del insomnio
Morin, C. M., & Benca, R. M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-733-7.00026-7
Eszopiclone in the treatment of insomnia
Jarema, M., & Wichniak, A. (2020) · Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.33450/fpn.2020.04.002
An Examination of the Relationship Between Psychological Flexibility and Insomnia
Sands, J. (2020) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan)
Considering the Role of Adherence in New and Emerging Sleep Treatments
Joosten, S. A., Landry, S. A., Wong, A., & Edwards, B. A. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.12.001
Krystal, J. H., Chow, B. K., Vessicchio, J. C., Henrie, A. M., Neylan, T. C., Krystal, A. D., Marx, B. P., Xu, K., Jindal, R. D., Davis, L. L., et al. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106540
Self-citationWelche Medikamente gegen Insomnie einsetzen?
Steiger, A. (2021) · DNP - Der Neurologe und Psychiater · doi:10.1007/s15202-021-4745-z
Lohse, M. J., & Müller-Oerlinghausen, B. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29242-2_28
Current awareness in human psychopharmacology
(2008) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.889
Subjective and Objective Daytime Consequences of Insomnia
Bonnet, M. H., & Arand, D. L. (2010) · Medical psychiatry · doi:10.3109/9781420080803.002
Pharmacologic treatment of insomnia
Harris, S., Thorpy, M., & Monderer, R. (2021) · Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00101-8
Yurcheshen, M. E., Feng, C., & Arnedt, J. T. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139032445.027
Lapointe, B. J. (2012) · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199694143.003.0091
Brown, L. W. (2018) · Sleep in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98414-8_29
Chopra, A., Weilburg, J. B., & Winkelman, J. W. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-11844-9.00022-9
Chapter 58. Treatment of Insomnia
Krystal, A. D. (2024) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615375523.as58
Self-citationPharmacology of Sleep in Children
Owens, J. A., & Ekambaram, V. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-75566-5.00005-8
Saito, S., Fukiya, M., Kimoto, T., Seto, W., Suzuki, H., Ishikawa, T., Goto, T., & Yashiro, Y. (2024) · Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) · doi:10.5649/jjphcs.50.351
(2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198869696.003.0023
Kteish, R., Ednick, M., & Kier, C. (2026) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.2024-006687
Abdellah, S. A., Blondeau, C., Gal, C., Copine, S., Buchet, M., Dormal, V., Cervino, A., Guinobert, I., Bocandé, E., & Lemoine, P. (2026) · Sleep Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.sleepe.2026.100138
Palagini, L., Dell’Osso, B. M., Strambi, L. F., Liguori, C., Martinotti, G., Nobili, L., Sani, G., & Fiorillo, A. (2026) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2026.2641481 · Cited by 1
Redden, W. M., & Jones, A. M. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-15772-0_6
Groeger, J. A., Twelves, J. L., Multmeier, J., Swayze, H., Mastim, M. A., Williams, A., & Deacon, S. (2026) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s587588
A Pragmatic Algorithm for Selecting Psychopharmacology Treatment for Secondary Insomnia
Chen, A. C. N., Taj, F., Fonseka, L. N., & Osser, D. N. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000002219
Sweetman, A., Putland, S., Meaklim, H., Winter, S., Kennedy, G., Lack, L. C., Bartlett, D. J., Szeto, J., Blunden, S. L., Salles, H., et al. (2026) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpag086
Insomnia: A Review of the Use of Eszopiclone
Dautovich, N. D., Williams, J. M., & McCrae, C. S. (2009) · Clinical Medicine Therapeutics · doi:10.4137/cmt.s1940
Metadata
- Authors
- Walsh, J. K., Krystal, A. D., Amato, D. A., Rubens, R., Caron, J., Wessel, T. C., Schaefer, K., Roach, J., Wallenstein, G., & Roth, T.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Sunovion (United States) (US)
- Henry Ford Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Walsh, James K.
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 959-968
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC1978384
- OpenAlex
- W2127024218
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 32.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Neurocrine Biosciences
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- eszopiclone, primary insomnia, sleep quality, quality of life, work limitations, insomnia severity, daytime fatigue, sleep latency, total sleep time, patient-reported outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Long-Term Care, Male, Middle Aged, Piperazines, Quality of Life, Social Adjustment, Wakefulness, Work Capacity Evaluation, Azabicyclo Compounds
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
