National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference Statement
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NIH consensus and state-of-the-science statements are prepared by independent panels of health professionals and public representatives on the basis of (1) the results of a systematic literature review prepared under contract with the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), (2) presentations by investigators working in areas relevant to the conference questions during a 2-day public session, (3) questions and statements from conference attendees during open discussion periods that are part of the public session, and (4) closed deliberations by the panel during the remainder of the second day and morning of the third. This statement is an independent report of the panel and is not a policy statement of the NIH or the Federal Government. The statement reflects the panel's assessment of medical knowledge available at the time the statement was written. Thus, it provides a “snapshot in time” of the state of knowledge on the conference topic. When reading the statement, keep in mind that new knowledge is inevitably accumulating through medical research.
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Insomnia is now recognized as an independent and self-perpetuating disorder which necessitates targeted diagnostic and therapeutic attention in the presence of co-occurring disorders.
“Although insomnia is now recognized as an independent and self-perpetuating disorder which necessitates targeted diagnostic and therapeutic attention in the presence of co-occurring disorders [32,33]”
From Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): Prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Although insomnia symptoms may be initially precipitated by post-apneic arousals in many patients, insomnia disorder quickly develops functional independence of the initial precipitating factors, and demands targeted treatment approaches.
“Although insomnia symptoms may be initially precipitated by post-apneic arousals in many patients, insomnia disorder quickly develops functional independence of the initial precipitating factors, and demands targeted treatment approaches (see discussion of ‘secondary’ versus ‘co-morbid’ insomnia, above) [4,33].”
From Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA): Prevalence, consequences, methodological considerations, and recent randomized controlled trials (2019) · cites this paper as [33]
Self medication with alcohol, over-the-counter medications, prescription medications, and melatonin account for millions of dollars annually.
“Self medication with alcohol, over-the-counter medications, prescription medications, and melatonin account for millions of dollars annually. 28”
From Clinical Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Insomnia in Adults (2008) · cites this paper as [28]
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Epstein, D. R., Sidani, S., Bootzin, R. R., & Belyea, M. J. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1878 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Richter, T., Mann, E., Meyer, G., Haastert, B., & Köpke, S. (2011) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2011.03.007 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Hanlon, J. T., Semla, T. P., & Schmader, K. E. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13807 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Shekleton, J. A., Flynn‐Evans, E. E., Miller, B., Epstein, L. J., Kirsch, D. B., Brogna, L. A., Burke, L. M., Bremer, E., Murray, J. M., Gehrman, P., et al. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3318 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1049-1057
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- OpenAlex
- W2768868622
- Cited by
- 745
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 51
- FWCI
- 49.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- sleep medicine, sleep disorders, sleep research
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antidepressive Agents, Benzodiazepines, Chronic Disease, Cognition Disorders, Depression, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Tryptophan, Comorbidity, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Incidence, Prevalence, Cost of Illness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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