Maternal smoking impairs arousal patterns in sleeping infants
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Impairment of the arousal process from sleep is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). We hypothesized that a greater propensity for cortical arousal in the prone position may, in a normal infant, be a protective mechanism to promote complete arousal in a vulnerable sleeping position, a protection that is absent in SIDS victims. We aimed to examine the arousal process in a group of infants exposed to maternal smoking, who are thus at higher risk for SIDS. DESIGN: Twelve healthy, full-term infants born to smoking mothers were studied using daytime polysomnography at 2 to 4 weeks, 2 to 3 months and 5 to 6 months postnatal age. Data were compared with 13 healthy infants born to nonsmoking mothers. Arousal was induced by pulsatile air-jet stimulation to the nostrils during active and quiet sleep, in both supine and prone positions. For each stimulus, physiologic and electroencephalogram changes were visually assessed and arousal responses were classified as sub-cortical activation or cortical arousal. RESULTS: In smoke-exposed infants, the progression from sub-cortical activation to cortical arousal was depressed at 2 to 4 weeks and 5 to 6 months. There was no effect of maternal smoking observed at 2 to 3 months; however, a significant dose-dependent relationship between cortical activation proportions and urinary cotinine levels was present in both supine and prone positions. CONCLUSION: We have shown that maternal smoking is associated with impaired arousal processes to trigeminal stimulation that may increase the risk for SIDS. This further highlights the importance of public education of the risks of maternal smoking.
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Tobacco exposure during pregnancy impairs infant cardiorespiratory function.
“Maternal smoking and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of neonatal apnea, while maternal smoking is also associated with a decreased arousal response.”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [109]
Maternal smoking is associated with a reduced arousal response.
“while maternal smoking is also associated with a decreased arousal response.”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [109]
Maternal smoking and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with increased neonatal apnea.
“Maternal smoking and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of neonatal apnea”
From Developmental toxicity of nicotine: A transdisciplinary synthesis and implications for emerging tobacco products (2017) · cites this paper as [109]
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- Authors
- Richardson, H. L., Walker, A. M., & Horne, R. S. C.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Venue
- SLEEP
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 515-521
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2663655
- OpenAlex
- W153754881
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroscience of respiration and sleep
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- maternal smoking, sudden infant death syndrome, infant arousal, cortical arousal, prone sleeping, supine sleeping, urinary cotinine, infant sleep
- MeSH terms
- Arousal, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Mothers, Risk Factors, Sleep Stages, Sudden Infant Death, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Supine Position, Prone Position, Polysomnography
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