The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Application of a Method for Estimating Day of Ovulation Using Urinary Estrogen and Progesterone Metabolites
Abstract
Longitudinal epidemiologic studies of menstrual and reproductive function are more informative if one can identify day of ovulation. We previously developed a method for estimating day of ovulation that is feasible for epidemiologic studies. The method relies on the relative concentrations of estrogen and progesterone metabolites in daily first-morning urine specimens and does not require creatinine adjustment. This paper describes results of applying this method to a large study with 724 menstrual cycles from 217 women. The method estimated a credible day of ovulation in 88% of cycles. Missing data accounted for most of the failures. When we excluded anovulatory cycles (1%) and cycles with missing data, the method estimated a day of ovulation in 97% of cycles. Variance in luteal phase length was small for our sample, suggesting that this method of identifying a day of ovulation introduces no more measurement error than when day of ovulation is determined by plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), the standard clinical method.
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The adjusted phase length distribution is a close fit to that of Baird et al. and has a slightly higher fraction of short luteal phases than that of Lenton et al.
“The adjusted phase length distribution is a close fit to that of Baird et al. and has a slightly higher fraction of short luteal phases than that of Lenton et al.”
From Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
Variation in luteal phase lengths has previously been observed in controlled clinical studies.
“Variation in luteal phase lengths has previously been observed in controlled clinical studies7,24,28”
From Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles (2019) · cites this paper as [28]
The measure of ovulation used in the study has been validated against the peak urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone and appears to be as precise as methods based on serum luteinizing hormone.
“We refined this algorithm, validating it against the peak urinary excretion of luteinizing hormone, 13 which corresponds approximately to the day of ovulation.14 Further analysis has suggested that this method is as precise as methods based on the measurement of serum luteinizing hormone.15”
From Time of Implantation of the Conceptus and Loss of Pregnancy (1999) · cites this paper as [15]
Citations
Cites
(1977) · PubMed · Cited by 488
LENTON, E. A., LANDGREN, B., SEXTON, L., & HARPER, R. (1984) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1984.tb04830.x · Cited by 190
Using the ratio of urinary oestrogen and progesterone metabolites to estimate day of ovulation
Baird, D. D., Weinberg, C. R., Wilcox, A. J., McConnaughey, D. R., & Musey, P. I. (1991) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780100209 · Cited by 160
Self-citationARMSTRONG, E. G., Ehrlich, P. H., Birken, S., Schlatterer, J. P., Siris, E. S., Hembree, W. C., & Canfield, R. E. (1984) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-59-5-867 · Cited by 104
Kesner, J. S., Knecht, E. A., Krieg, E. F., Barnard, G., Mikola, H., Kohen, F., Gani, M. M., & Coley, J. (1994) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(94)90029-9 · Cited by 48
Self-citationThe Use of Biochemical Assays in Epidemiologic Studies of Reproduction
Wilcox, A. J., Baird, D. D., Weinberg, C. R., Armstrong, E. G., Musey, P. I., WEHMANN, R. E., & Canfield, R. E. (1987) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.877529 · Cited by 44
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Time of Implantation of the Conceptus and Loss of Pregnancy
Wilcox, A. J., Baird, D. D., & Weinberg, C. R. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199906103402304 · Cited by 1,081
Self-citationWilcox, A. J. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7271.1259 · Cited by 452
Self-citationReal-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles
Bull, J. R., Rowland, S. P., Scherwitzl, E. B., Scherwitzl, R., Danielsson, K. G., & Harper, J. (2019) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-019-0152-7 · Cited by 404
“We compared the distribution of follicular and luteal phase lengths in our sample of 612,613 cycles to two reference data sets: a sample of 688 cycles obtained by Baird et al.28 and a sample of 327 cycles obtained by Lenton et al.7 (Supplementary Results).”
MethodInfluentialRahmioglu, N., Fassbender, A., Vitonis, A. F., Tworoger, S. S., Hummelshoj, L., D'Hooghe, T. M., Adamson, G. D., Giudice, L. C., Becker, C. M., Zondervan, K. T., et al. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1208 · Cited by 227
Women's attractiveness changes with estradiol and progesterone across the ovulatory cycle
Puts, D. A., Bailey, D. H., Cárdenas, R. A., Burriss, R. P., Welling, L. L. M., Wheatley, J. R., & Dawood, K. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.11.007 · Cited by 209
Fassbender, A., Rahmioglu, N., Vitonis, A. F., Viganò, P., Giudice, L. C., D’Hooghe, T. M., Hummelshoj, L., Adamson, G. D., Becker, C. M., Missmer, S. A., et al. (2014) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.1209 · Cited by 162
Use of urine biomarkers to evaluate menstrual function in healthy premenopausal women
Waller, K., Swan, S. H., Windham, G. C., Fenster, L., Elkin, E. P., & Lasley, B. L. (1998) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009401 · Cited by 144
Chronological aspects of ultrasonic, hormonal, and other indirect indices of ovulation
Ecochard, R., Boehringer, H., Rabilloud, M., & Marret, H. (2001) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00194.x · Cited by 149
Standardized protocols for characterizing women’s fertility: A data-driven approach
Blake, K. R., Dixson, B. J. W., O'Dean, S. M., & Denson, T. F. (2016) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2016.03.004 · Cited by 123
Vaginal bleeding in very early pregnancy
Harville, E. W. (2003) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/deg379 · Cited by 68
Accuracy of perception of ovulation day in women trying to conceive
Zinaman, M., Johnson, S., Ellis, J., & Ledger, W. (2012) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/03007995.2012.681638 · Cited by 33
Metadata
- Authors
- Baird, D. D., McConnaughey, D. R., Weinberg, C. R., Musey, P. L., Collins, D. C., Kesner, J. S., Knecht, E. A., & Wilcox, A. J.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Westat (United States) (US)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)
- Clark Atlanta University (US)
- United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US)
- Venue
- Epidemiology
- Published
- 1995-09
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 547-550
- ISSN
- 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042462552
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
- Keywords
- urinary estrogen metabolites, first morning urine, menstrual cycle, luteal phase length, measurement error, luteinizing hormone, anovulatory cycles
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Algorithms, Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Estrone, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Follicular Phase, Humans, Luteinizing Hormone, Menstrual Cycle, Ovulation, Ovulation Detection, Pregnancy, Pregnanediol, Radioimmunoassay, Biomarkers
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