Inflammatory Response to Implants
Abstract
The implantation of artificial organs, medical devices, or biomaterials results in injury and initiation of the inflammatory response. This inflammatory response to implants has as its components acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, foreign body reaction with granulation tissue, and macrophage and foreign body giant cell interactions. The form and topography of the surface of the artificial organ, medical device, prosthesis, or biomaterial can determine the composition of the foreign body reaction. The normal foreign body reaction consists of macrophages and foreign body giant cells at the surface of the implant with subjacent fibroblastic proliferation and collagen deposition, and capillary formation. Macrophages play a pivotal role in the response of tissue to implants. An hypothesis on the role of complement activation and complement-mediated cellular adhesion to implant surfaces has been presented. Macrophage adhesion and subsequent activation leading to cell-mediator and cell-cell communication is described.
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Due to their relatively short life (24-48 h) and decreased migratory chemotactic factors, neutrophils are eventually replaced by monocytes, which can continue accumulating at the implant site for weeks and differentiate into macrophages.
“Due to their relatively short life (24–48 h), and decreased migratory chemotactic factors, neutrophils are eventually replaced by monocytes, which can continue accumulating at the implant site for weeks, eventually differentiating into macrophages.[ 24 , 35 ]”
From Unraveling and Harnessing the Immune Response at the Cell–Biomaterial Interface for Tissue Engineering Purposes (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
The acute and chronic inflammatory responses to biomedical implants subside by 3 wk.
“A 4-wk time point was used for histological analysis to understand long-term consequences of implants, because the acute and chronic inflammatory responses to biomedical implants subside by 3 wk (16, 17).”
From Proangiogenic scaffolds as functional templates for cardiac tissue engineering (2010) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Anderson, J. M.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Anderson, James M.
- ORCID
- Anderson, James M.
- Venue
- ASAIO Journal
- Published
- 1988-04
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 101-107
- ISSN
- 1058-2916 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2061609938
- Cited by
- 591
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 9.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- ASAIO Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL25239, HL-00779, HL-27277)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Orthopaedic implants and arthroplasty
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Keywords
- implant inflammation, foreign body reaction, granulation tissue, macrophages, foreign body giant cells, biomaterials, medical devices, artificial organs, complement activation, macrophage adhesion, intercellular communication, fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, capillary formation
- MeSH terms
- Acute Disease, Chronic Disease, Foreign-Body Reaction, Humans, Inflammation, Macrophages, Prostheses and Implants
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