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Cited by 103Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringVagus Nerve Stimulation ResearchPain Management and Treatment

Stability of the input-output properties of chronically implanted multiple contact nerve cuff stimulating electrodes

Grill, W.M., Mortimer, J.T.·1998·IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering
DOI 10.1109/86.736150
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Abstract

The objective of this investigation was to measure the input-output (I-O) properties of chronically implanted nerve cuff electrodes. Silicone rubber spiral nerve cuff electrodes, containing 12 individual platinum electrode contacts, were implanted on the sciatic nerve of seven adult cats for 28-34 weeks. Measurements of the torque generated at the ankle joint by electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve were made every 1-2 weeks for the first 6 weeks post-implant and every 3-5 weeks between 6 weeks and 32 weeks post-implant. In three implants the percutaneous lead cable was irreparably damaged by the animal within 4 weeks after implant and further testing was not possible. One additional lead cable was irreparably damaged by the animal at 17 weeks post-implant. The three remaining implants functioned for 28, 31, and 32 weeks. Input-output curves of ankle joint torque as a function of stimulus current amplitude were repeatable within an experimental session, but there were changes in I-O curves between sessions. The degree of variability in I-O properties differed between implants and between different contacts within the same implant. After 8 weeks, the session to session changes in the stimulus amplitude required to generate 50% of the maximum torque (I50) were smaller (15+/-19%, mean +/- s.d.) than the changes in I50 measured between 1 week and 8 weeks post-implant (34+/-42%). Furthermore, the I-O properties were more stable across changes in limb position in the late post-implant period than in acutely implanted cuff electrodes. These results suggest that tissue encapsulation acted to stabilize chronically implanted cuff electrodes. Electrode movement relative to the nerve, de- and regeneration of nerve fibers, and the inability to precisely reproduce limb position in the measurement apparatus all may have contributed to the variability in I-O properties.

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  • Time variations in the current required to generate a particular level of neuromuscular activation are attributable to changes in induced fields from tissue encapsulation or inflammation, changes in electrode position relative to the nerve, and changes in physiological properties of the neuromuscular system including degeneration and regeneration of stimulated nerve fibers.

    “Time variations in the current required to generate a particular level of neuromuscular activation are attributable to changes in the induced fields resulting from tissue encapsulation or inflammation, changes in the electrode position relative to the nerve, and changes in the physiological properties of the neuromuscular system, including degeneration and regeneration of stimulated nerve fibers”

    From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Grill and Mortimer, 1998

  • Chronic implantation of snug cuffs modifies nerve shape and produces loss of large nerve fibers, which are the most sensitive to compression.

    “Although snug-fitting nerve cuffs have been advocated to reduce the stimulus charge injection or to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio for neural recordings (Naples et al., 1990) , different studies have shown that chronic implantation of snug cuffs modifies the nerve shape and produces a loss of large nerve fibers, which are the most sensitive to compression (Krarup et al., 1989; Grill and Mort”

    From A critical review of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system for the control of neuroprostheses and hybrid bionic systems (2005) · cites this paper as Grill and Mortimer, 1998

  • Intramuscular and epimysial electrodes seem to induce tissue responses similar to those of extraneural electrodes, including tissue encapsulation.

    “Intramuscular and epimysial electrodes seem to induce tissue responses similar to those of extraneural electrodes, including tissue encapsulation [50, 51].”

    From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [51]

  • The stimulus current amplitude required to generate a specific torque varies immediately after implantation but becomes chronically stable after 8 weeks.

    “With respect to input-output properties, Grill and Mortimer showed that the stimulus current amplitude required to generate a specific torque varies immediately after implantation, but becomes chronically stable after a period of 8 weeks.”

    From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [51]

  • EMG recordings are commonly used to infer selectivity, but their strong dependence on the spatial relationship between recording electrodes and activated motor units limits practical utility and can lead to over- or underestimation of selectivity.

    “Electromyogram recordings are commonly used to infer selectivity, but the strong dependence on the spatial relationship between the recording electrodes and the activated motor units limits the practical utility of this method and can lead to over- or underestimation of selectivity [4,10].”

    From Optimization of selective stimulation parameters for multi-contact electrodes (2013) · cites this paper as [10]

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Authors
Grill, W. M., & Mortimer, J. T.
Affiliations
Case Western Reserve University (US)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
1998
Volume
6
Issue
4
Pages
364-373
ISSN
1063-6528 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/86.736150
OpenAlex
W2134549638
Cited by
103
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
0.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Locations
  • IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-3-2300)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords
cuff electrodes, chronically implanted electrodes, input-output characteristics, sciatic nerve stimulation, ankle torque, platinum contacts, tissue encapsulation, electrode stability, nerve regeneration
MeSH terms
Animals, Ankle Joint, Cats, Electrodes, Implanted, Peripheral Nerves, Sciatic Nerve, Torque

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