Motor Activity Assessment Scale: A valid and reliable sedation scale for use with mechanically ventilated patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To establish the validity and reliability of a new sedation scale, the Motor Activity Assessment Scale (MAAS). DESIGN: Prospective, psychometric evaluation. SETTING: Sixteen-bed surgical intensive care unit (SICU) of a 937-bed tertiary care, university-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-five randomly selected, adult, mechanically ventilated, nonneurosurgical patients who were admitted to the SICU > or = 12 hrs after surgery and were not receiving neuromuscular blockers. INTERVENTION: Four hundred assessments (eight per patient) were completed consecutively but independently, in pairs, at standardized times (both day and night) by two nurses who were preselected for each assessment from a pool of 32 pretrained SICU nurses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: To estimate validity, paired assessments (four/patient) compared the MAAS result with the subjective assessment using a 10-cm visual analog sedation scale, the percent change in blood pressure and heart rate from the previous 4-hr baselines, and the number of recent agitation-related sequelae. To estimate reliability, paired assessments (four/patient) measured correlation between assessments of the same type (e.g., MAAS-MAAS). Generalized estimating equations, which accounted for the four repeated measures in each patient, supported MAAS validity by finding a linear trend between MAAS and the visual analog scale (p < .001), blood pressure (p < .001), heart rate (p < .001), and agitation-related sequelae (p < .001) end points. The MAAS (kappa = 0.83 [95% confidence interval, 0.72 to 0.94]) was found to be more reliable than subjective assessment using the visual analog scale (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.32 [95% confidence interval, 0.05 to 0.55]). CONCLUSIONS: The MAAS is a valid and reliable sedation scale for use with mechanically ventilated patients in the SICU. Further studies are warranted regarding the effect of MAAS implementation in our SICU on patient outcomes, such as quality of sedation and length of mechanical ventilation, as well as the use of the MAAS in other patient populations (e.g., medical).
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The discrepancy between our finding and the prior study may reflect differences in study design, case-mix population, screening instrument, and local sedation protocols.
“This discrepancy may reflect differences in study design, case-mix population (for example, medicosurgical patients versus medical patients), screening instrument (SAS versus Motor Activity Assessment Scale [29]), and local sedation protocols.”
From Nicotine withdrawal and agitation in ventilated critically ill patients (2010) · cites this paper as [29]
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- Authors
- Devlin, J. W., Boleski, G., Mlynarek, M., Nerenz, D. R., Peterson, E., Jankowski, M., Horst, H. M., & Zarowitz, B. J.
- Affiliations
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Venue
- Critical Care Medicine
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1271-1275
- ISSN
- 0090-3493 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012479097
- Cited by
- 328
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 12.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Nausea and vomiting management
- Keywords
- sedation assessment, mechanical ventilation, surgical intensive care unit, postoperative sedation, agitation, visual analogue scale
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Postoperative Care, Psychometrics, Psychomotor Agitation, Respiration, Artificial, Reproducibility of Results, Linear Models, Drug Monitoring
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