Cited by 1,503Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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New Data from the Addiction Severity Index Reliability and Validity in Three Centers

McLELLAN, A. THOMAS, LUBORSKY, LESTER, CACCIOLA, JOHN, GRIFFITH, JEFFREY, EVANS, FREDERICK, BARR, HARRIET L., OʼBRIEN, CHARLES P.·1985·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

DOI 10.1097/00005053-198507000-00005

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Abstract

The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a clinical/research instrument which has been in wide use during the past 6 years to assess the treatment problems found in alcohol- and drug-abusing patients. In a study of male veterans, a preliminary evaluation of the ASI has indicated reliability and validity. The present report presents an expanded examination of these issues; 181 subjects from three treatment centers were studied. Results of concurrent reliability studies indicate that trained technicians can estimate the severity of patients' treatment problems with an average concordance of .89. Test-retest studies show that the information obtained from the ASI is consistent over a 3-day interval, even with different interviewers. Comparisons of the ASI severity ratings and composite measures with a battery of previously validated tests indicate evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity. The reliability and validity results were consistent across subgroups of patients categorized by age, race, sex, primary drug problem, and treatment center. The authors discuss the strengths and limitations of the instrument based upon 5 years of use. The overall conclusion is that the ASI is a reliable and valid instrument that has a wide range of clinical and research applications, and that it may offer advantages in the examination of important issues such as the prediction of treatment outcome, the comparison of different forms of treatment, and the "matching" of patients to treatments…

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Background
Withdrawal from methadone maintenance. Impact of a tapering network support program.
Sorensen, J. L., Trier, M., Brummett, S., Gold, M. L., & Dumontet, R. (1992) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(92)90006-a · Cited by 25
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Perfil adictivo, delictivo y psicopatológico de una muestra de mujeres en prisión
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Reductions in cannabis and other illicit substance use between treatment entry and early recovery in patients with first‐episode psychosis
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Validity of three measures of antisociality in predicting HIV risk behaviors in methadone-maintenance patients.
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“The ASI has good inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities (McLellan et al., 1985; Alterman et al., 1994).”
Self-citation
The Similarity of Crime Rates among Male Heroin Addicts in New York City, Philadelphia and Baltimore
Ball, J. (1991) · doi:10.1177/002204269102100210 · Cited by 24
Social settings and addiction relapse
Walton, M. A., Reischl, T. M., & Ramanathan, C. S. (1995) · Journal of Substance Abuse · doi:10.1016/0899-3289(95)90006-3 · Cited by 23
Problems in the application of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) in rural substance abuse services.
Wertz, J. S., Cleaveland, B., & Stephens, R. S. (1995) · Journal of Substance Abuse · doi:10.1016/0899-3289(95)90003-9 · Cited by 24
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Open Trial of an Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy Intervention to Engage Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients in Care
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“Lifetime history and past 30-day frequency of substance misuse were assessed with the drug module of the Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al., 1985; McLellan, Luborsky, Woody, & O’Brien, 1980).”
Method
Gender differences in drug-addicted patients in a clinical treatment center of Spain.
Fernández-Montalvo, J., López-Goñi, J. J., Azanza, P., & Cacho, R. (2014) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12117.x · Cited by 23
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Tyurina, A., Krupitsky, E., Cheng, D., Coleman, S., Walley, A. Y., Bridden, C., Gnatienko, N., Zvartau, E., Raj, A., & Samet, J. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.01.009 · Cited by 23
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Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., & Desai, R. A. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.05.004 · Cited by 23
“89) on the basis of items from of the composite scores from the Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al., 1985).”
Method
Characteristics and Nine Month Outcomes of Discharged Methadone Maintenance Clients
Coviello, D. M., Zanis, D., Wesnoski, S. A., Lynch, K., & Drapkin, M. L. (2010) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2010.09.007 · Cited by 23
“The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a semi-structured interview that measures lifetime and recent (past 30 days) patient functioning across seven potential problem areas: medical, employment, drug use, alcohol use, legal, family/social, and psychological (McLellan et al., 1980; 1985).”
Determinants of relapse and re-admission among alcohol abusers after intensive residential treatment
Vanderplasschen, W., Colpaert, K., & Broekaert, E. (2010) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/0778-7367-67-4-194 · Cited by 23
Treatment History: Relationship to Treatment Outcomes
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“Studies have consistently supported the reliability and validity of the ASI to assess problem severity and change in individuals with substance use disorders (Alterman, Bovasso, Cacciola, and McDermott, 2001; Alterman, Brown, Zaballero, and McKay, 1994; Cacciola, Koppenhaver, McKay, and Alterman, 1999; McDermott et al…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Getting patients the services they need using a computer-assisted system for patient assessment and referral--CASPAR.
Carise, D., Gurel, O., Mclellan, A., Dugosh, K. L., & Kendig, C. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.03.024 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
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Impact of Centralized Intake on Case Management Services
Scott, C. K., Sherman, R. E., Foss, M. A., Godley, M., & Hristova, L. (2002) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2002.10399936 · Cited by 23
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Achieving the Public Health and Safety Potential of Substance Abuse Treatments
Mclellan, A., & Weisner, C. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3591-5_6 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
New Perspectives in the Assessment and Diagnosis of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Wolfe, J., & Keane, T. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-2820-3_14 · Cited by 23
Addiction Severity Assessment Tool: Development of a self-report measure for clients in substance abuse treatment
Butler, S. F., Budman, S. H., McGee, M. D., Davis, M. S., Cornelli, R., & Morey, L. C. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.05.005 · Cited by 22
Prospective Long-Term Cohort Study of Subjects With First-Episode Psychosis Examining Eight Major Outcome Domains and Their Predictors: Study Protocol
Peralta, V., Moreno-Izco, L., de Jalón, E. G., Sánchez-Torres, A., Janda, L., Peralta, D., Fañanás, L., & Cuesta, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.643112 · Cited by 22
“hallucinogens, other drugs and a global severity rating are also scored using the Addiction Severity Scale (44).”
Method
Regulating task-monitoring systems in response to variable reward contingencies and outcomes in cocaine addicts
Morie, K. P., Sanctis, P. D., Garavan, H., & Foxe, J. J. (2016) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4191-8 · Cited by 22
“The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a structured interview that addresses medical history, legal history, psychiatric history, family history, and social life, as well as alcohol and drug use (McLellan et al. 1985).”
Background
Employment-based Reinforcement of Adherence to Oral Naltrexone in Unemployed Injection Drug Users: 12-month Outcomes
Dunn, K., Defulio, A., Everly, J. J., Donlin, W. D., Aklin, W., Nuzzo, P. A., Leoutsakos, J., Umbricht, A., Fingerhood, M. I., Bigelow, G., et al. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000010 · Cited by 22
Moderators of Response to Telephone Continuing Care for Alcoholism
Lynch, K., Horn, D. V., Drapkin, M. L., Ivey, M. A., Coviello, D. M., & McKay, J. (2010) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.34.6.13 · Cited by 22
An Integrated Drug Counseling and Employment Intervention for Methadone Clients
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Schrimsher, G. W., Parker, J., & Burke, R. S. (2007) · Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13803390600674441 · Cited by 22
Factors associated with HIV/AIDS high-risk behaviours among female injection drug users
Fitzgerald, T., Lundgren, L., & Chassler, D. (2007) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540120600731727 · Cited by 22
Modified therapeutic community for homeless mentally ill chemical abusers. Sociodemographic and psychological profiles.
Sacks, S., de Leon, G. D., Balistreri, E., Liberty, H. J., McKendrick, K., Sacks, J., Staines, G., & Yagelka, J. (1998) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(97)00314-0 · Cited by 22
“The CTCR interview is based on, and extends, similar self-report interviews, such as the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985) and the Drug Abuse AIDS-Risk Reduction (DATAR; Simpson et al.”
Method
Characteristics of recipients of Supplemental Security Income (SSI) benefits for drug addicts and alcoholics.
McKay, J., McLellan, T., Durell, J., Ruetsch, C., & Alterman, A. (1998) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199805000-00005 · Cited by 22
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Auriacombe, M., Grabot, D., Daulouède, J.-P., Vergnolle, J.-P., O'Brien, C. P., & Tignol, J. (1994) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(94)90008-6 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Weighing up the pros and cons: help-seeking by drug misusers in Baltimore, USA.
Brooke, D., Fudala, P., & Johnson, R. E. (1992) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/0376-8716(92)90006-x · Cited by 22
HIV infection and risk behaviors in two cross-sectional surveys of heterosexuals in alcoholism treatment.
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Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging in cocaine use disorder
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Method
Effects of incentives for naltrexone adherence on opiate abstinence in heroin-dependent adults
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“The main assessments collected at intake included the Addiction Severity Index–Lite [19] to evaluate medical, © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction Addiction, 112, 830–837 substance use, legal, educational, employment and family histories; and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview [20], a diagnostic too…”
Method
Characterizing and Improving HIV and Hepatitis Knowledge Among Primary Prescription Opioid Abusers
Dunn, K., Saulsgiver, K., Patrick, M. E., Heil, S., Higgins, S., & Sigmon, S. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.007 · Cited by 21
Alterations in serum MMP and TIMP concentrations following chronic heroin abuse
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One-year outcomes of telephone case monitoring for patients with substance use disorder.
McKellar, J., Wagner, T., Harris, A. H. S., Oehlert, M., Buckley, S., & Moos, R. (2012) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.009 · Cited by 21
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Using brief self-reports and clinician scales to screen for substance use disorders in psychotic patients
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Predictors of substance abuse treatment entry for crime-involved, cocaine-dependent women.
Saum, C., Hiller, M. L., Leigey, M. E., Inciardi, J., & Surratt, H. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.005 · Cited by 21
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Drug Treatment Service Utilization and Outcomes for Hispanic and White Methamphetamine Abusers
Niv, N., & Hser, Y. (2006) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00530.x · Cited by 21
“The ASI is the most commonly employed instrument in the substance abuse field, and its reliability and validity have been demonstrated in ethnically diverse populations (McLellan et al. 1985, 1992a, b).”
Method
Salivary cortisol: a predictor of convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol?
Brown, T., Gianoulakis, C., Tremblay, J., Nadeau, L., Dongier, M., Kin, N., Seraganian, P., & Ouimet, M. (2005) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agh165 · Cited by 21
“Age and other sociodemographic data were obtained using the Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al., 1985).”
Method
Effectiveness of Vocational Problem-Solving Skills on Motivation and Job-Seeking Action Steps
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“The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) and a Vocational Motivational Assessment Checklist (VMAC) were administered upon enrollment in the study and at 6 months postbaseline.”
Method
Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes Among American Indians in the Telephone Aftercare Project
Chong, J., & Herman-Stahl, M. (2003) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2003.10399996 · Cited by 21
Effects of Losing SSI Benefits on Standard Drug and Alcohol Outcome Measures
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Black and Hispanic Veterans in Intensive VA Treatment Programs for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Rosenheck, R., & Fontana, A. (2002) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-200201001-00007 · Cited by 21
ASSESSMENT OF BENZODIAZEPINE DEPENDENCE IN ALCOHOL AND DRUG DEPENDENT OUTPATIENTS: A RESEARCH REPORT
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The Teen Treatment Services Review (T-TSR).
Kaminer, Y., Blitz, C., Burleson, J., & Sussman, J. (1998) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(97)00187-6 · Cited by 21
Treatment involvement and outcomes for four subtypes of homeless veterans.
Humphreys, K., & Rosenheck, R. (1998) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0080337 · Cited by 21
Psychological symptoms in methadone maintenance patients: prevalence and change over treatment.
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Vocational services research: recommendations for next stage of work.
Drebing, C. E., Bell, M., Campinell, E. A., Fraser, R., Malec, J., Penk, W., & Pruitt-Stephens, L. (2012) · Journal of rehabilitation research and development · doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.06.0105 · Cited by 21
Chemical aversion therapy in the treatment of cocaine dependence as part of a multimodal treatment program: treatment outcome.
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CJDATS Co-Occurring Disorders Screening Instrument for Mental Disorders (CODSI-MD): A Pilot Study
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“These included the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS; Skinner & Horn, 1984), the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985, 1992), the Drug Abuse Screening Instrument (DAST-20; Gavin, Ross, & Skinner, 1989; Staley & Guebaly, 1990), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test short version (SMAST;…”
CHAT: Development and Validation of a Computer-Delivered, Self-Report, Substance Use Assessment for Adolescents
Lord, S. E., Trudeau, K. J., Black, R. A., Lorin, L., Cooney, E., Villapiano, A., & Butler, S. F. (2011) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2010.538119 · Cited by 20
“McLellan et al. (1985) reasoned that 3 days was a long enough interval to reduce instant recall but short enough to reduce the possibility of real clinical change.”
Background
Trajectories of Craving During Medication-Assisted Treatment for Opioid-Use Disorder: Subtyping for Early Identification of Higher Risk
Burgess-Hull, A., Panlilio, L., Preston, K., & Epstein, D. (2022) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109362 · Cited by 20
Abstinence-contingent wage supplements to promote drug abstinence and employment: A randomized controlled trial
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Age-Related Differences in Medication Adherence, Symptoms, and Stigma in Poorly-Adherent Adults with Bipolar Disorder
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A strengths-based case management intervention to link HIV-positive people who inject drugs in Russia to HIV care
Samet, J. H., Blokhina, E. A., Cheng, D. M., Walley, A. Y., Lioznov, D. A., Gnatienko, N., Quinn, E. K., Bridden, C. L., Chaisson, C. E., Toussova, O., et al. (2019) · AIDS · doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000002230 · Cited by 22
The effects of extended-release injectable naltrexone and incentives for opiate abstinence in heroin-dependent adults in a model therapeutic workplace: A randomized trial
Jarvis, B. P., Holtyn, A. F., DeFulio, A., Koffarnus, M. N., Leoutsakos, J., Umbricht, A., Fingerhood, M., Bigelow, G. E., & Silverman, K. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.12.026 · Cited by 25
The female crack users: Higher rates of social vulnerability in Brazil
Vernaglia, T., Leite, T. H., Faller, S., Pechansky, F., Kessler, F., & Cruz, M. (2017) · Health Care for Women International · doi:10.1080/07399332.2017.1367001 · Cited by 20
“This instrument has already been validated for Brazilian culture (Kessler et al., 2012; McLellan et al., 1985; McLellan, Cacciola, Alterman, Rikoon, & Carise, 2006).”
Method
Gender differences in treatment progress of drug-addicted patients
Fernández‐Montalvo, J., López-Goñi, J. J., Azanza, P., Arteaga, A., & Cacho, R. (2016) · Women & Health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2016.1160967 · Cited by 24
“The threeday test–retest reliabilities of the ASI severity ratings have been reported to be greater than or equal to 0.92 for all domains (McLellan et al. 1985).”
BackgroundInfluential
Hispanic Subgroups, Acculturation, and Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes
Chartier, K. G., Carmody, T., Akhtar, M., Stebbins, M. B., Walters, S., & Warden, D. (2015) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2015.07.008 · Cited by 20
Lifetime Suicide Attempt History, Quality of Life, and Objective Functioning among HIV/AIDS Patients with Alcohol and Illicit Substance Use Disorders
Walter, K. N., & Petry, N. (2015) · International Journal of STD and AIDS · doi:10.1177/0956462415585668 · Cited by 20
Initial Abstinence Status and Contingency Management Treatment Outcomes: Does Race Matter?
Montgomery, L., Carroll, K., & Petry, N. (2015) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039021 · Cited by 20
Patients with diabetes respond well to contingency management treatment targeting alcohol and substance use
Walter, K. N., & Petry, N. (2014) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2014.991334 · Cited by 20
“Checklists from the clinical interview for the DSM-IV (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1996) evaluated substance use diagnoses and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985) assessed medical, drug, alcohol, employment, legal, family/social, and psychiatric problems.”
Method
The relationship between lifetime stress and addiction severity in cocaine-dependent participants
Mahoney, J. J., Newton, T. F., Omar, Y., Ross, E. L., & Garza, R. D. L. (2012) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2012.05.016 · Cited by 20
“The addiction severity index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985) is a semi-structured clinical interview that assesses functioning in seven domains: alcohol use, drug use, medical health, psychiatric health, employment, family relations, and illegal activity.”
BackgroundMethod
Frequent Emergency Department Use among Released Prisoners with HIV: Characterization Including a Novel Multimorbidity Index
Meyer, J. P., Qiu, J., Chen, N. E., Larkin, G., & Altice, F. (2013) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.12054 · Cited by 20
Interaction effects of age and contingency management treatments in cocaine-dependent outpatients
Weiss, L. M., & Petry, N. (2011) · Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0023031 · Cited by 20
Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Addiction Severity Index
Luo, W., Wu, Z.-Y., & Wei, X.-L. (2010) · Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e3181c7dfca · Cited by 20
DUI Offenders Who Delay Relicensing: A Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation
Brown, T., Ouimet, M., Nadeau, L., Lepage, M., Tremblay, J., Dongier, M., & Kin, N. (2008) · Traffic Injury Prevention · doi:10.1080/15389580801907908 · Cited by 20
Factors Associated with Emergency Room Use among Injection Drug Users of African‐American, Hispanic and White European Background
Lundgren, L. M., Chassler, D., Ben‐Ami, L., Purington, T., & SCHILLING, R. F. (2005) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490590949442 · Cited by 14
A Comparison of the Psychosocial Functioning of Children with Drug‐Versus Alcohol‐Dependent Fathers
Cooke, C. G., Kelley, M., Fals-Stewart, W., & Golden, J. (2004) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1081/ada-200037530 · Cited by 20
“0, with higher scores indicating greater impairment (39).”
Background
Self-Reported Psychiatric Treatment Needs Among Felony Drug Offenders
Belenko, S., Lang, M., & O'Connor, L. A. (2003) · doi:10.1177/1043986202239740 · Cited by 20
A Cluster Analysis of HIV Risk among Felony Drug Offenders
Lang, M., & Belenko, S. (2001) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854801028001002 · Cited by 20
Differential urge and salivary responsivity to alcohol cues in alcohol-dependent patients: A comparison of traditional and stringent classification approaches.
Coffey, S. F., Saladin, M. E., Libet, J. M., Drobes, D. J., & Dansky, B. S. (1999) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.7.4.464 · Cited by 21
Retrospective analyses of additional services for methadone maintenance patients.
Abbott, P. J., Moore, B. A., Delaney, H., & Weller, S. B. (1999) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(98)00068-3 · Cited by 20
“The Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985) was administered by trained research assistants independent of treatment at intake, 3-months, and 6-months follow-up.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Inpatient and day hospital treatment services for cocaine and alcohol dependence.
Alterman, A., & Mclellan, A. (1993) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(93)90074-c · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Partner relationship quality and drug use as predictors of women's substance abuse treatment outcome.
Mccollum, E., Nelson, T. S., Lewis, R. A., & Trepper, T. (2005) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1081/ada-200047906 · Cited by 20
Gender differences in outcomes following specialized intensive PTSD treatment in the Veterans Health Administration.
Stefanovics, E. A., & Rosenheck, R. (2020) · Psychological Trauma · doi:10.1037/tra0000495 · Cited by 19
Age matters: differences in correlates of self-reported HIV antiretroviral treatment adherence between older and younger Black men who have sex with men living with HIV
Mutchler, M. G., Bogart, L., Klein, D. J., Wagner, G., Klinger, I. A., Tyagi, K., & McDavitt, B. (2019) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2019.1612020 · Cited by 19
“Other psychosocial and interpersonal factors We assessed several additional psychosocial and interpersonal variables via validated measures that have been shown to be significantly associated with ART adherence: mental health and substance use, including depression (PHQ-9) (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001), problem…”
Factors Associated with Treatment Retention in Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorders Prescribed Methadone or Electing Non-Pharmacological Treatment
Jancaitis, B., Kelpin, S. S., Masho, S., May, J. C., Haug, N., & Svikis, D. (2019) · Women & health · doi:10.1080/03630242.2019.1610829 · Cited by 19
Emergency Department Use among HIV-Infected Released Jail Detainees
Boyd, A. T., Song, D. L., Meyer, J. P., & Altice, F. L. (2014) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-014-9905-4 · Cited by 20
Examining Gender Differences in Substance Use, Participant Characteristics, and Treatment Outcomes Among Individuals in Drug Court
Shannon, L. M., Jackson, A., Perkins, E., & Neal, C. (2014) · Journal of Offender Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10509674.2014.931747 · Cited by 19
“Measures to assess participant demographics including: age, race, education, employment status, income, and marital status were adapted from the Health Services Research Questionnaire (HSRQ; Chitwood, McBride, Metsch, Comerford, & McCoy, 1998) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan, Luborsky, Woody, & O’Brien…”
MethodInfluential
Changes in Sleep Disruption in the Treatment of Co‐Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders
McHugh, R. K., Hu, M., Campbell, A. N. C., Hilario, E. Y., Weiss, R. D., & Hien, D. A. (2014) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21878 · Cited by 22
“…opiates, barbiturates, other sedatives, stimulants, inhalants, and hallucinogens) was categorized into three levels, a common coding convention of the ASI: abstinence (no use), light use (used 1–12 days), and heavy use (used 13 or more days, i.e., more than 3 days per week; McLellan et al., 1985).”
Dually diagnosed patients' benefits of mutual-help groups and the role of social anxiety.
Timko, C., Cronkite, R., McKellar, J., Zemore, S., & Moos, R. (2013) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2012.05.007 · Cited by 19
Smoking Cessation Treatment among Patients in Community-Based Substance Abuse Rehabilitation Programs: Exploring Predictors of Outcome as Clues Toward Treatment Improvement
Reid, M. S., Jiang, H., Fallon, B., Sonne, S. C., Rinaldi, P., Turrigiano, E., Arfken, C. L., Robinson, J. A., Rotrosen, J., & Nunes, E. V. (2011) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952990.2011.596981 · Cited by 18
“Assessments Baseline and screening evaluations included demographics, self-reported cigarettes/day, exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) test, Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (30), smoking history survey, Smokers Beliefs Questionnaire (31), the Reasons for Quitting Questionnaire (RNQ) (32), an abbreviated versi…”
Contingency management is especially efficacious in engendering long durations of abstinence in patients with sexual abuse histories
Petry, N., Lavasani, F., & Barry, D. (2011) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0022632 · Cited by 19
“168 (53) 40 (52) 2(2) 0.04 .85 Years of Regular Cocaine Use 10.7 (7.6) 11.4 (7.3) t (391) 0.72 .47 Years of Regular Alcohol Use 15.9 (10.0) 16.4 (10.4) t (391) 0.43 .67 Years of Regular Heroin Use 2.0 (5.7) 3.8 (7.8) t (97) 1.95 .05 Addiction Severity Index Scores Alcohol 0.23 (0.23) 0.18 (0.18) t (143) 2.20 .03 Drug…”
MethodInfluential
Services received and treatment outcomes in day-hospital and residential programs.
Zemore, S., & Kaskutas, L. (2008) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2007.10.006 · Cited by 19
Alcohol and Other Drug Dependence Severity Among Older Adults in Treatment: Measuring Characteristics and Outcomes
Slaymaker, V. J., & Owen, P. (2008) · Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly · doi:10.1080/07347320802071877 · Cited by 19
Nonreporting of cannabis use: Predictors and relationship to treatment outcome in methadone maintained patients.
Ghitza, U. E., Epstein, D., & Preston, K. (2007) · Addictive Behaviours · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.06.034 · Cited by 19
“During the screening process, all study applicants were interviewed to evaluate current opiate dependence using the DIS-IIIR or DIS-IV (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for the DSM-IIIR or DSMIV) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) (McLellan et al., 1985).”
Method

Authors: McLELLAN, A. T., LUBORSKY, L., CACCIOLA, J., GRIFFITH, J., EVANS, F., BARR, H. L., & OʼBRIEN, C. P.
Affiliations: Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
Venue: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1985-07
Volume: 173
Issue: 7
Pages: 412-423
ISSN: 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00005053-198507000-00005
OpenAlex: W2144736441
Cited by: 1,503
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 49
FWCI: 3.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DAO2554)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Addiction Severity Index, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, treatment challenges, reliability statistics, validity, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, inter-rater concordance, veterans, addiction treatment, treatment outcome prediction, patient-treatment matching
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcoholism, Mental Disorders, Divorce, Employment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Marriage, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Social Adjustment, Social Control, Formal, Substance-Related Disorders

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New Data from the Addiction Severity Index Reliability and Validity in Three Centers

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