Cited by 1,503Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

New Data from the Addiction Severity Index Reliability and Validity in Three Centers

McLELLAN, A. THOMAS, LUBORSKY, LESTER, CACCIOLA, JOHN, GRIFFITH, JEFFREY, EVANS, FREDERICK, BARR, HARRIET L., OʼBRIEN, CHARLES P.·1985·The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

DOI 10.1097/00005053-198507000-00005

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) is a clinical/research instrument which has been in wide use during the past 6 years to assess the treatment problems found in alcohol- and drug-abusing patients. In a study of male veterans, a preliminary evaluation of the ASI has indicated reliability and validity. The present report presents an expanded examination of these issues; 181 subjects from three treatment centers were studied. Results of concurrent reliability studies indicate that trained technicians can estimate the severity of patients' treatment problems with an average concordance of .89. Test-retest studies show that the information obtained from the ASI is consistent over a 3-day interval, even with different interviewers. Comparisons of the ASI severity ratings and composite measures with a battery of previously validated tests indicate evidence of concurrent and discriminant validity. The reliability and validity results were consistent across subgroups of patients categorized by age, race, sex, primary drug problem, and treatment center. The authors discuss the strengths and limitations of the instrument based upon 5 years of use. The overall conclusion is that the ASI is a reliable and valid instrument that has a wide range of clinical and research applications, and that it may offer advantages in the examination of important issues such as the prediction of treatment outcome, the comparison of different forms of treatment, and the "matching" of patients to treatments…

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/00005053-198507000-00005

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Sorted by citations

The Fifth Edition of the Addiction Severity Index.
Mclellan, A., Kushner, H., Metzger, D., Peters, R., Smith, I. E., Grissom, G. R., Pettinati, H., & Argeriou, M. (1992) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(92)90062-s · Cited by 4,280
Self-citation
Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.
Kirby, K. N., Petry, N. M., & Bickel, W. K. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.128.1.78 · Cited by 2,171
MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder
(1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.7.973 · Cited by 1,610
“The Addiction Severity Index interview (29) was used to assess total years of lifetime alcohol abuse, defined as drinking to the point of intoxication (three or more drinks per day) on a regular basis (3 or more days per week).”
Method
Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse—a preliminary report
Bremner, J. D., Randall, P., Vermetten, E., Staib, L., Bronen, R. A., Mazure, C., Capelli, S., McCarthy, G., Innis, R. B., & Charney, D. S. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00162-x · Cited by 1,283
Validation of the alcohol smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST)
Humeniuk, R., Ali, R., Babor, T. F., Farrell, M., Formigoni, M. L., Jittiwutikarn, J., De Lacerda, R. B., Ling, W., Marsden, J., Monteiro, M., et al. (2008) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02114.x · Cited by 1,144
“Findings Concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between ASSIST scores and scores from the ASI-Lite (r = 0.76–0.88), SDS (r = 0.59), AUDIT (r = 0.82) and RTQ (r = 0.78); and significantly greater ASSIST scores for those with MINI-Plus diagnoses of abuse or dependence (P < 0.001).”
Influential
Predicting aberrant behaviors in opioid-treated patients: preliminary validation of the Opioid Risk Tool
Webster, L. R., & Webster, R. M. (2005) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2005.00072.x · Cited by 1,096
Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control patients: Drug and monetary rewards.
Madden, G. J., Petry, N. M., Badger, G. J., & Bickel, W. K. (1997) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.5.3.256 · Cited by 911
The Effects of Psychosocial Services in Substance Abuse Treatment
McLellan, T., Arndt, I., Metzger, D., Woody, G., & O'Brlen, C. P. (1993) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.3109/10884609309149701 · Cited by 870
Incentives Improve Outcome in Outpatient Behavioral Treatment of Cocaine Dependence
Higgins, S. T. (1994) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950070060011 · Cited by 806
Delay discounting of money and alcohol in actively using alcoholics, currently abstinent alcoholics, and controls
Petry, N. M. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130000638 · Cited by 761
Oral topiramate for treatment of alcohol dependence: A randomised controlled trial
Johnson, B. A., Ait-Daoud, N., Bowden, C. L., DiClemente, C. C., Roache, J. D., Lawson, K., Javors, M. A., & Ma, J. Z. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13370-3 · Cited by 743
Heroin and cocaine abusers have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than alcoholics or non-drug-using controls.
Kirby, K., & Petry, N. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00669.x · Cited by 737
Initial motivations for alcohol treatment: Relations with patient characteristics, treatment involvement, and dropout
Ryan, R. M., Plant, R. W., & O’Malley, S. S. (1995) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(94)00072-7 · Cited by 681
Pathological gambling: Etiology, comorbidity, and treatment.
Petry, N. M. (2005) · doi:10.1037/10894-000 · Cited by 659
Pathological Gambling: Etiology, Comorbidity, and Treatment
Petry, N. (2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.43-0397 · Cited by 656
The timeline followback reports of psychoactive substance use by drug-abusing patients: psychometric properties.
Fals-Stewart, W., O'Farrell, T., Freitas, T. T., McFarlin, S., & Rutigliano, P. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.1.134 · Cited by 644
Childhood physical abuse and combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam veterans
Bremner, J. D., Southwick, S. M., Johnson, D. R., Yehuda, R., & Charney, D. S. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.2.235 · Cited by 593
A Functional Polymorphism of the μ-Opioid Receptor Gene is Associated with Naltrexone Response in Alcohol-Dependent Patients
Oslin, D. W., Berrettini, W., Kranzler, H. R., Pettinati, H., Gelernter, J., Volpicelli, J. R., & O'Brien, C. P. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300219 · Cited by 571
“…lifetime and recent (past 30 days) severity of problems in seven areas of biopsychosocial functioning (represented by component scores): medical status, employment and self-support, alcohol use, drug use, legal status, family and social relations, and psychiatric symptoms (McLellan et al, 1985).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A behavioral approach to achieving initial cocaine abstinence
Higgins, S. T., Delaney, D. D., Budney, A. J., Bickel, W. K., Hughes, J. R., Foerg, F. E., & Fenwick, J. W. (1991) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.148.9.1218 · Cited by 553
Chronic PTSD in Vietnam combat veterans: course of illness and substance abuse.
Bremner, J., Southwick, S., Darnell, A., & Charney, D. (1996) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.153.3.369 · Cited by 554
Pathological gambling severity is associated with impulsivity in a delay discounting procedure
Alessi, S. M., & Petry, N. M. (2003) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(03)00150-5 · Cited by 545
Achieving cocaine abstinence with a behavioral approach
Higgins, S. T., Budney, A. J., Bickel, W. K., Hughes, J. R., Foerg, F. E., & Badger, G. J. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.5.763 · Cited by 491
Substance Abuse Among Older Adults
Kuerbis, A., Sacco, P., Blazer, D. G., & Moore, A. A. (2014) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2014.04.008 · Cited by 505
Pathological gamblers, with and without substance abuse disorders, discount delayed rewards at high rates.
Petry, N. M. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.110.3.482 · Cited by 532
Development and validation of a multi-dimensional instrument for assessing outcome of treatment among opiate users: the Opiate Treatment Index.
Darke, S., Hall, W., Wodak, A., Heather, N., & Ward, J. (1992) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb02719.x · Cited by 485
Hippocampal volume, memory, and cortisol status in major depressive disorder: Effects of treatment
Vythilingam, M., Vermetten, E., Anderson, G. M., Luckenbaugh, D., Anderson, E. R., Snow, J., Staib, L. H., Charney, D. S., & Bremner, J. D. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.04.002 · Cited by 477
Deficits in short-term memory in posttraumatic stress disorder
Bremner, J. D., Scott, T. M., Delaney, R. C., Southwick, S. M., Mason, J. W., Johnson, D. R., Innis, R. B., McCarthy, G., & Charney, D. S. (1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.7.1015 · Cited by 478
Substance abuse, pathological gambling, and impulsiveness
Petry, N. M. (2001) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00188-5 · Cited by 462
The Addiction Severity Index at 25: Origins, contributions, and transitions
McLellan, A. T., Cacciola, J. C., Alterman, A. I., Rikoon, S. H., & Carise, C. (2006) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490500528316 · Cited by 450
Self-citation
Excessive discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers with gambling problems
Petry, N. M., & Casarella, T. (1999) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00010-1 · Cited by 432
“Substance abusers completed the Addition Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985), which provides reliable, valid, and sensitive measures of problem severity in seven domains for the 30-day period preceding the interview, with higher scores reflective of greater problems.”
Method
Adolescent substance abuse: a review of the past 10 years.
Weinberg, N. Z., Rahdert, E., Colliver, J., & Glantz, M. (1998) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199803000-00009 · Cited by 427
Reducing the risk of AIDS through methadone maintenance treatment.
Ball, J., Lange, W., Myers, C., & Friedman, S. (1988) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137033 · Cited by 419
A comparison of young, middle-aged, and older adult treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.
Petry, N. (2002) · The gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/42.1.92 · Cited by 413
Sustained cocaine abstinence in methadone maintenance patients through voucher-based reinforcement therapy.
Silverman, K., Higgins, S., Brooner, R., Montoya, I., Cone, E. J., Schuster, C. R., & Preston, K. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830050045007 · Cited by 408
Similarity of outcome predictors across opiate, cocaine, and alcohol treatments: role of treatment services.
Mclellan, A., Alterman, A., Metzger, D. S., Grissom, G. R., Woody, G. E., Luborsky, L., & O'Brien, C. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.6.1141 · Cited by 395
Self-citation
Prevention and Treatment
Missing-Value, M.-V. (2020) · The Cambridge Handbook of Substance and Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.4324/9781315536255-17 · Cited by 385
Posttraumatic stress disorder as a risk factor for suicidal ideation in Iraq and Afghanistan War veterans.
Jakupcak, M., Cook, J., Imel, Z. E., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., & McFall, M. M. (2009) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20423 · Cited by 368
“The Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al., 1985) was used to assess alcohol and drug abuse; veterans were coded as positive for alcohol or drug abuse if they endorsed items describing impairments in functioning attributable to substance abuse in a manner consistent with DSM-IV criteria.”
Method
Brief motivational intervention at a clinic visit reduces cocaine and heroin use
Bernstein, J., Bernstein, E., Tassiopoulos, K., Heeren, T., Levenson, S., & Hingson, R. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.07.006 · Cited by 363
Contingent reinforcement increases cocaine abstinence during outpatient treatment and 1 year of follow-up.
Higgins, S., Wong, C. J., Badger, G., Ogden, D. E. H., & Dantona, R. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.1.64 · Cited by 336
Prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder among substance abusers.
Schubiner, H., Tzelepis, A., Milberger, S., Lockhart, N. A., Kruger, M., Kelley, B. J., & Schoener, E. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v61n0402 · Cited by 328
Deficits in short-term memory in adult survivors of childhood abuse
Douglas Bremner, J., Randall, P., Scott, T. M., Capelli, S., Delaney, R., McCarthy, G., & Charney, D. S. (1995) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(95)02800-5 · Cited by 324
Effects of Buprenorphine Maintenance Dose on μ-Opioid Receptor Availability, Plasma Concentrations, and Antagonist Blockade in Heroin-Dependent Volunteers
Greenwald, M. K., Johanson, C.-E., Moody, D. E., Woods, J. H., Kilbourn, M. R., Koeppe, R. A., Schuster, C. R., & Zubieta, J.-K. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300251 · Cited by 320
“An experienced clinician administered a semistructured interview (SCID-IV; First et al, 1996), and opioid dependence severity was determined using the Addiction Severity Index (McLellan et al, 1985a, b).”
Method
Adding voucher-based incentives to coping skills and motivational enhancement improves outcomes during treatment for marijuana dependence.
Budney, A. J., Higgins, S. T., Radonovich, K. J., & Novy, P. L. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.6.1051 · Cited by 318
Do treatment improvements in PTSD severity affect substance use outcomes? A secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial in NIDA’s Clinical Trials Network
Hien, D. A., Jiang, H., Campbell, A. N. C., Hu, M.-C., Miele, G. M., Cohen, L. R., Brigham, G. S., Capstick, C., Kulaga, A., Robinson, J., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.09091261 · Cited by 309
Studies of the reliability and validity of the Addiction Severity Index.
Mäkelä, K. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00665.x · Cited by 309
A survey study to characterize use of Spice products (synthetic cannabinoids)
Vandrey, R., Dunn, K., Fry, J. A., & Girling, E. R. (2011) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.011 · Cited by 284
A Preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Bissett, R., Piasecki, M., Batten, S. V., Byrd, M., & Gregg, J. (2004) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(04)80014-5 · Cited by 283
“The ASI has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure (Kosten, Rounsaville, & Kleber, 1983; McLellan et al., 1985; McLellan et al., 1992).”
Background
Initial evidence for the reliability and validity of a "Lite" version of the Addiction Severity Index.
Cacciola, J., Alterman, A., Mclellan, A., Lin, Y.-T., & Lynch, K. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.09.002 · Cited by 277
Self-citation
Drug and alcohol use among patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses: levels and consequences.
Margolese, H., Malchy, L., Negrete, J., Tempier, R., & Gill, K. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00523-6 · Cited by 277
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of methylphenidate in the treatment of adult ADHD patients with comorbid cocaine dependence.
Schubiner, H., Saules, K., Arfken, C., Johanson, C., Schuster, C., Lockhart, N. A., Edwards, A., Donlin, J., & Pihlgren, E. M. (2002) · Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.10.3.286 · Cited by 277
Validation of the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST): report of results from the Australian site.
Newcombe, D., Humeniuk, R., & Ali, R. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1080/09595230500170266 · Cited by 273
Major depressive and post-traumatic stress disorder comorbidity in female victims of intimate partner violence.
Stein, M., & Kennedy, C. M. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00301-3 · Cited by 267
A comparative trial of psychotherapies for ambulatory cocaine abusers: relapse prevention and interpersonal psychotherapy.
Carroll, K., Rounsaville, B., & Gawin, F. (1991) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952999109027549 · Cited by 264
Reactivity to ecological momentary assessment: an example using undergraduate problem drinkers.
Hufford, M., Shields, A., Shiffman, S., Paty, J., & Balabanis, M. H. (2002) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.16.3.205 · Cited by 258
Evaluating the effectiveness of addiction treatments: reasonable expectations, appropriate comparisons.
Mclellan, A., Woody, G. E., Metzger, D. S., McKay, J. R., Durell, J., Alterman, A., & O'Brien, C. (1996) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3350433 · Cited by 258
Self-citation
The Addiction Severity Index: reliability and validity in a Dutch addict population.
Hendriks, V., Kaplan, C. D., van Limbeek, J., & Geerlings, P. (1989) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/0740-5472(89)90041-x · Cited by 255
Effectiveness of Injectable Extended-Release Naltrexone vs Daily Buprenorphine-Naloxone for Opioid Dependence: A Randomized Clinical Noninferiority Trial
Tanum, L., Solli, K. K., Latif, Z.-E.-H., Benth, J. Š., Opheim, A., Sharma-Haase, K., Krajci, P., & Kunøe, N. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.3206 · Cited by 253
The Addiction Severity Index: a field study of internal consistency and validity.
Leonhard, C., Mulvey, K., Gastfriend, D., & Shwartz, M. (2000) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/s0740-5472(99)00025-2 · Cited by 253
Alcohol consumption and antiretroviral adherence among HIV-infected persons with alcohol problems.
Samet, J., Horton, N. J., Meli, S., Freedberg, K., & Palepu, A. (2004) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/01.alc.0000122103.74491.78 · Cited by 249
Efficacy of a Mental Health Treatment Court with assertive community treatment.
Cosden, M., Ellens, J. K., Schnell, J., & Yamini-Diouf, Y. (2003) · Behavioral sciences & the law · doi:10.1002/bsl.638 · Cited by 249
SUICIDAL IDEATION AND SUICIDE ATTEMPTS IN TREATMENT-SEEKING PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLERS
Petry, N., & Kiluk, B. D. (2002) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200207000-00007 · Cited by 238
“The Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985) was administered to all participants at intake to treatment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Low-cost contingency management for treating cocaine- and opioid-abusing methadone patients.
Petry, N. M., & Martin, B. J. W. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.2.398 · Cited by 244
Predictors of outpatient treatment retention: patient versus substance use characteristics.
Mccaul, M., Svikis, D., & Moore, R. (2001) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00155-1 · Cited by 237
Prize reinforcement contingency management for treating cocaine users: how low can we go, and with whom?
Petry, N., Tedford, J., Austin, M., Nich, C., Carroll, K., & Rounsaville, B. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2003.00642.x · Cited by 236
“…were conducted within 48 hrs of initiation of treatment at the clinic, and consisted of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders for substance use disorders (First et al. 1996) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) (McLellan et al. 1985).”
Method
Problem-service 'matching' in addiction treatment. A prospective study in 4 programs.
Mclellan, A., Grissom, G. R., Zanis, D., Randall, M., Brill, P., & O'Brien, C. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830200062008 · Cited by 227
Self-citation
Pathological gamblers discount probabilistic rewards less steeply than matched controls.
Madden, G. J., Petry, N. M., & Johnson, P. S. (2009) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/a0016806 · Cited by 224
Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method With Prisoners
Bogner, J., & Corrigan, J. (2009) · The journal of head trauma rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e3181a66356 · Cited by 224
The role of therapist adherence, therapist competence, and alliance in predicting outcome of individual drug counseling: Results from the National Institute Drug Abuse Collaborative Cocaine Treatment Study
Barber, J. P., Gallop, R., Crits-Christoph, P. F., Frank, A. F., Thase, M. E., Weiss, R. D., & Gibbons, M. B. C. (2006) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300500288951 · Cited by 222
Voucher-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence in treatment-resistant methadone patients: effects of reinforcement magnitude
Silverman, K., Chutuape, M. A., Bigelow, G. E., & Stitzer, M. L. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130051098 · Cited by 216
Offender Risk Assessment
Bonta, J. (2002) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854802029004002 · Cited by 214
“For example, tests such as the Addiction Severity Index (McClellan et al., 1985) and the Aggression Questionnaire (Buss&Perry, 1992) predict relevant criteria (i.e., drug abuse, aggressive behavior).”
Method
Needle sharing in opioid-dependent outpatients: psychological processes underlying risk
Odum, A. L., Madden, G. J., Badger, G. J., & Bickel, W. K. (2000) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00111-3 · Cited by 213
“As part of their regularly scheduled clinic visit the day of the experimental session, participants completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Eysenck and Eysenck, 1978) and the Addiction Severity Index (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985).”
Method
Comparative effectiveness and costs of inpatient and outpatient detoxification of patients with mild-to-moderate alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Hayashida, M., Alterman, A., Mclellan, A., O'Brien, C., Purtill, J. J., Volpicelli, J., Raphaelson, A. H., & Hall, C. P. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198902093200605 · Cited by 209
Self-citation
Community Reinforcement Therapy for Cocaine-Dependent Outpatients
Higgins, S. T., Sigmon, S. C., Wong, C. J., Heil, S. H., Badger, G. J., Donham, R., Dantona, R. L., & Anthony, S. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.9.1043 · Cited by 205
“stance abuse (ie, medical, employment, family/social, psychiatric, and legal).(23) Composite scores were calculated for each problem area.”
Computerized behavior therapy for opioid-dependent outpatients: a randomized controlled trial.
Bickel, W., Marsch, L., Buchhalter, A., & Badger, G. (2008) · Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.16.2.132 · Cited by 202
“The ASI computes a severity score for substance abuse problems as well as a score for employment, medical, social, legal, and psychological functioning.”
BackgroundInfluential
Discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers: relationship to antisocial personality disorder
Petry, N. M. (2002) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1115-1 · Cited by 186
Chronic illicit drug use, health services utilization and the cost of medical care
French, M. T., McGeary, K. A., Chitwood, D. D., & McCoy, C. B. (2000) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00411-6 · Cited by 201
Risk of Reincarceration Among Prisoners with Co-occurring Severe Mental Illness and Substance Use Disorders
Baillargeon, J., Penn, J. V., Knight, K., Harzke, A. J., Baillargeon, G., & Becker, E. (2010) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0252-9 · Cited by 200
Intensive referral to 12-Step self-help groups and 6-month substance use disorder outcomes.
Timko, C., Debenedetti, A., & Billow, R. (2006) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01391.x · Cited by 198
“The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) [30–32] was used to collect information on patients’ substance use.”
Method
Vouchers versus prizes: contingency management treatment of substance abusers in community settings.
Petry, N., Alessi, S. M., Marx, J., Austin, M., & Tardif, M. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.6.1005 · Cited by 198
COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL COPING SKILLS AND PSYCHOEDUCATION THERAPIES FOR ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Kaminer, Y., Burleson, J., & Goldberger, R. (2002) · Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-200211000-00003 · Cited by 198
Evaluation of patients treated for pathological gambling in a combined alcohol, substance abuse and pathological gambling treatment unit using the Addiction Severity Index.
Lesieur, H., & Blume, S. (1991) · British Journal of Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01863.x · Cited by 198
Problem Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence
Korman, L. M., Collins, J., Dutton, D., Dhayananthan, B., Littman-Sharp, N., & Skinner, W. (2008) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-007-9077-1 · Cited by 197
A comparison of treatment‐seeking pathological gamblers based on preferred gambling activity
Petry, N. M. (2003) · Addiction · doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00336.x · Cited by 195
Five-year alcohol and drug treatment outcomes of older adults versus middle-aged and younger adults in a managed care program.
Satre, D., Mertens, J., Areán, P., & Weisner, C. (2004) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00831.x · Cited by 195
“Validity and reliability of the ASI has been found across patient age ranges (McLellan et al. 1985).”
Background
Religion and Spirituality in the Lives of People with Serious Mental Illness
Corrigan, P., Mccorkle, B. H., Schell, B., & Kidder, K. L. (2003) · Community mental health journal · doi:10.1023/b:comh.0000003010.44413.37 · Cited by 194
Effects of adding behavioral treatment to opioid detoxification with buprenorphine.
Bickel, W. K., Amass, L., Higgins, S., Badger, G., & Esch, R. A. (1997) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.65.5.803 · Cited by 194
Clinical Implications and Methodological Challenges in the Study of the Neuropsychological Correlates of Cannabis, Stimulant, and Opioid Abuse
Verdejo‐García, A., López-Torrecillas, F., Giménez, C. O., & Pérez-García, M. (2004) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1023/b:nerv.0000026647.71528.83 · Cited by 179
The treatment relationship in peer-based and regular case management for clients with severe mental illness.
Sells, D., Davidson, L., Jewell, C., Falzer, P., & Rowe, M. (2006) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.57.8.1179 · Cited by 185
The relationship of psychiatric comorbidity to treatment outcomes in methadone maintained patients
Cacciola, J. (2001) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00148-4 · Cited by 182
Self-citation
The Teen-Addiction Severity Index: rationale and reliability.
Kaminer, Y., Bukstein, O., & Tarter, R. (1991) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826089109053184 · Cited by 182
Initial abstinence and success in achieving longer term cocaine abstinence.
Higgins, S. T., Badger, G. J., & Budney, A. J. (2000) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037//1064-1297.8.3.377 · Cited by 188
Broad beneficial effects of cocaine abstinence reinforcement among methadone patients.
Silverman, K., Wong, C. J., Umbricht, A., Montoya, I. D., Schuster, C. R., & Preston, K. L. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.5.811 · Cited by 178
Methadone maintenance vs. methadone taper during pregnancy: maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Jones, H., O'Grady, K., Malfi, D., & Tuten, M. (2008) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490802266276 · Cited by 180
Outpatient behavioral treatment for cocaine dependence: One-year outcome.
Higgins, S., Budney, A., Bickel, W., Badger, G., Foerg, F. E., & Ogden, D. E. H. (1995) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.3.2.205 · Cited by 179
A reinforcement-based Therapeutic Workplace for the treatment of drug abuse: Six-month abstinence outcomes.
Silverman, K., Svikis, D. S., Robles, E., Stitzer, M. L., & Bigelow, G. E. (2001) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.9.1.14 · Cited by 218
“At each 30-day assessment, three interviews covering the past 30 days were administered including the employment, alcohol and drug, and legal sections of the Addiction Severity Index follow-up (ASI; McLellan et al., 1985); an AIDS risk questionnaire (adapted from the Centers for Disease Control, 1992); and a 30-day em…”
Method
The Effectiveness of Telephone-Based Continuing Care for Alcohol and Cocaine Dependence: 24-Month Outcomes
McKay, J. R., Lynch, K. G., Shepard, D. S., & Pettinati, H. M. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.2.199 · Cited by 177
Prospective and retrospective reports of mood states before relapse to substance use.
Hodgins, D. C., el-Guebaly, N., & Armstrong, S. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.63.3.400 · Cited by 173
A Method for Diagnosing and Planning the Treatment of Adolescent Drug Abusers (The Adolescent Drug Abuse Diagnosis [ADAD] Instrument)
Friedman, A. S., & Utada, A. (1989) · Journal of Drug Education · doi:10.2190/xbu5-9mab-c2r5-0m96 · Cited by 175
A Peer-Support, Group Intervention to Reduce Substance Use and Criminality Among Persons With Severe Mental Illness
Rowe, M., Bellamy, C., Baranoski, M., Wieland, M., O'Connell, M. J., Benedict, P., Davidson, L., Buchanan, J., & Sells, D. (2007) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2007.58.7.955 · Cited by 174
Use of exclusion criteria in selecting research subjects and its effect on the generalizability of alcohol treatment outcome studies.
Humphreys, K., & Weisner, C. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.4.588 · Cited by 174

Authors: McLELLAN, A. T., LUBORSKY, L., CACCIOLA, J., GRIFFITH, J., EVANS, F., BARR, H. L., & OʼBRIEN, C. P.
Affiliations: Philadelphia VA Medical Center (US)
Venue: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1985-07
Volume: 173
Issue: 7
Pages: 412-423
ISSN: 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00005053-198507000-00005
OpenAlex: W2144736441
Cited by: 1,503
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 49
FWCI: 3.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse (DAO2554)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: Addiction Severity Index, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, treatment challenges, reliability statistics, validity, concurrent validity, discriminant validity, test-retest reliability, inter-rater concordance, veterans, addiction treatment, treatment outcome prediction, patient-treatment matching
MeSH terms: Adult, Alcoholism, Mental Disorders, Divorce, Employment, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Marriage, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Social Adjustment, Social Control, Formal, Substance-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

New Data from the Addiction Severity Index Reliability and Validity in Three Centers

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks