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THE POCKET PRINCIPLE: A New Technique for the Reattachment of a Severed Ear Part
Abstract
MLADICK, RICHARD A. M.D.; HORTON, CHARLES E. M.D.; ADAMSON, JEROME E. M.D.; COHEN, BERNARD I. M.D. Author Information
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The versatility of the temporoparietal fascia flap in head and neck reconstruction
Collar, R. M., Zopf, D. A., Brown, D. L., et al. (2011) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2011.05.003 · Cited by 72
Kind, G. M., Buncke, G. M., Placik, O. J., Jansen, D. A., DʼAmore, T., & Buncke, H. J. (1997) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199706000-00008 · Cited by 63
Ear Replantation without Microsurgery
Pribaz, J. J., Crespo, L. D., Orgill, D. P., et al. (1997) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199706000-00009 · Cited by 60
Templer, J. W., & Renner, G. J. (1990) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(20)31223-8 · Cited by 57
The palmar pocket method: An adjunct to the management of zone I and II fingertip amputations
Arata, J., Ishikawa, K., Soeda, H., et al. (2001) · The Journal Of Hand Surgery · doi:10.1053/jhsu.2001.27763 · Cited by 42
Microvascular ear replantation
Kind, G. M. (2002) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(01)00009-8 · Cited by 40
Replantation of Fingertip Amputation by Using the Pocket Principle in Adults
Lee, P.-K., Ahn, S.-T., & Lim, P. (1999) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-199904050-00011 · Cited by 37
Park, S. S., & Hood, R. J. (2001) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(05)70015-3 · Cited by 35
Edlich, R. F., Nichter, L. S., Morgan, R. F., et al. (1984) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0030-6665(20)31969-1 · Cited by 34
Auricular avulsion injuries and reattachment techniques: A systematic review
Gailey, A. D., Farquhar, D., Clark, J. M., & Shockley, W. W. (2020) · Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology · doi:10.1002/lio2.372 · Cited by 32
Nonmicrosurgical reconstruction of the auricle after traumatic amputation due to human bite
Kyrmizakis, D. E., Karatzanis, A. D., Bourolias, C. A., et al. (2006) · Head & Face Medicine · doi:10.1186/1746-160x-2-45 · Cited by 27
“This method involved deepithilization of the amputated part, followed by anatomic reattachment to the amputated stump and then burial in a retroauricular pocket [7].”
BackgroundMethodHyaluronic acid enhances peripheral nerve regeneration in vivo
Wang, K., Nemeth, I. R., Seckel, B. R., Chakalis-Haley, D. P., Swann, D. A., Kuo, J.-W., Bryan, D. J., & Cetrulo, C. L. (1998) · Microsurgery · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2752(1998)18:4 · Cited by 102
Enhancement of Auricular Composite Graft Survival With Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Renner, G. J., McClane, S. D., Early, E. K., et al. (2002) · Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/archfaci.4.2.102 · Cited by 24
“Investigators have tried to improve survival with various pharmacological agents and surgical techniques.(2-9) Microvascular anastomosis is ideal but is generally not a possibility owing to severe vascular and soft tissue destruction and small vessel size.”
BackgroundElsahy, N. I. (2002) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0094-1298(01)00005-0 · Cited by 22
Reconstruction of the Avulsed Auricle after Trauma
Magritz, R., & Siegert, R. (2013) · Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.otc.2013.07.004 · Cited by 21
Review of Options for Burned Ear Reconstruction
Ray, E., Wu, T. Y., Mobin, S. S. N., Reinisch, J., & Urata, M. (2010) · The Journal of craniofacial surgery (Print) · doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e3181e431d6 · Cited by 21
“re-epithelialize if removed from the subcutaneous pocket within 21 days.(3) Composite grafts of conchal or helical cartilage and overlying skin (ipsilateral or contralateral) may be an option for coverage of partial thickness defects with missing cartilage(15) (Figs.”
BackgroundMcClane, S. D., Renner, G. J., Bell, P. L., et al. (2000) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1067/mhn.2000.109473 · Cited by 21
Three cases of successful microvascular ear replantation after bite avulsion injury
Schönauer, F., Blair, J. W., Moloney, D. M., et al. (2004) · Scandinavian Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery · doi:10.1080/02844310310016269 · Cited by 20
“A staged approach has also been advocated, in which the ear is dermabraded, reattached, and buried in a postauricular skin pocket before later exteriorisation (8).”
BackgroundBurned ear: the use of a staged Nagata technique for ear reconstruction
Ibrahiem, S. M. S., & Salem, I. L. (2008) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.03.029 · Cited by 20
The injured ear: a review of 50 cases
Bardsley, A. F., & Mercer, D. M. (1983) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/0007-1226(83)90131-5 · Cited by 19
Successful Replantation of the Ear as a Venous Flap
Trovato, M. J., & Agarwal, J. P. (2005) · Annals of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sap.0000185457.53295.2f · Cited by 19
Dermal pocketing following distal finger replantation
Puhaindran, M. E., Paavilainen, P., Tan, D. M. K., et al. (2009) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2009.06.039 · Cited by 18
Totally avulsed ear: new technique of immediate ear reconstruction
Ibrahiem, S. M. S., Zidan, A., & Madani, S. (2008) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.08.075 · Cited by 18
“A staged approach has also been advocated, in which the ear is dermabraded, reattached and buried in a post-auricular skin pocket before later exteriorisation.(5) Banking of the auricular cartilage under the scalp or at a more distant site for use at after reconstruction has also been described.”
BackgroundEar Replantation After Human Bite Avulsion Injury
Horta, R., Costa-Ferreira, A., Costa, J., Silva, P., Amarante, J. M., Silva, Á., & Filipe, R. (2011) · Journal of Craniofacial Surgery · doi:10.1097/scs.0b013e31821d1879 · Cited by 16
Prise en charge des amputations traumatiques de l’oreille : revue de la littérature
Ihrai, T., Balaguer, T., Monteil, M.-C., Chignon-Sicard, B., Médard de Chardon, V., Riah, Y., & Lebreton, E. (2009) · Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique · doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2008.08.002 · Cited by 15
Auricular Reconstruction After Human Bite Amputation Using the Baudet Technique
Norman, Z. I., Cracchiolo, J. R., Allen, S. H., & Soliman, A. M. S. (2015) · Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/0003489414542090 · Cited by 15
“A second procedure to remove and re-epithelialize the buried pinna is required 4 weeks later.(8) Success rates of 75% to 90% have been reported.”
MethodLim, A. A. T., Wall, M. P., & Greinwald, J. H. (1999) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/s0194-5998(99)70177-4 · Cited by 13
Subtotal reconstruction of the burned auricle
El-Khatib, H. A., Al-Basti, H. B., Al-Ghoul, A., et al. (2005) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2004.09.022 · Cited by 13
Treatment of Fingertip Amputation in Adults by Palmar Pocketing of the Amputated Part
Jung, M. S., Lim, Y. K., Hong, Y. T., et al. (2012) · Archives of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.5999/aps.2012.39.4.404 · Cited by 13
Reconstruction of post-traumatic full-thickness defects of the upper one-third of the auricle
Helal, H., Mahmoud, N. A., & Abd-al-Aziz, A. (2014) · Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1177/229255031402200110 · Cited by 17
“Salvage of the cartilage in the avulsed segment, when available, may be attempted by retroauricular implantation of a dermabraded segment (21) or fenestration of the cartilage with or without preservation of the retroauricular skin (22).”
Management of injuries to the auricle
Punjabi, A. P., Haug, R. H., & Jordan, R. B. (1997) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0278-2391(97)90589-9 · Cited by 13
Treatment Strategies for Auricular Avulsions: Best Practice
Bai, H., & Tollefson, T. T. (2014) · JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1001/jamafacial.2013.1622 · Cited by 12
Medved, F., Medesan, R., Rothenberger, J. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2016.02.010 · Cited by 12
Atypical replantation and reconstruction of frozen ear
Dvořák, Z., & Stupka, I. (2020) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000020068 · Cited by 12
“Anumber of techniques have been developed for reattachment of the amputated auricle, including the composite graftmethod – or the Mladick technique – involving the removal of skin and insertion into the postauricular subcutaneous pocket.([21])”
MethodReconstruction of acquired auricular deformity
Shaye, D. A., & Sykes, J. M. (2011) · Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.otot.2010.08.007 · Cited by 12
Al-Ali, M. A., & Abu-Zidan, F. M. (2022) · Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.4103/2452-2473.342811 · Cited by 12
La reconstruction auriculaire en cas de destruction par brûlures
Firmin, F., & Marchac, A. C. (2011) · Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique · doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2011.07.009 · Cited by 10
Successful Bilateral Composite Ear Reattachment
Kalus, R. (2014) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000000123 · Cited by 10
Using an unconventional perfusion pattern in ear replantation-arterialization of the venous system
Momeni, A. J., Parrett, B. M., & Kuri, M. (2014) · Microsurgery · doi:10.1002/micr.22308 · Cited by 9
Saito, T., Yotsuyanagi, T., Ezoe, K., et al. (2008) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2008.01.010 · Cited by 9
Primary reconstruction of a severed ear fragment using a flap of temporo-parietal fascia
Bardsley, A. F. (1986) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/0007-1226(86)90127-x · Cited by 9
Reconstructive Options for Auricular Trauma
Wong, K., Wong, A., & Rousso, J. J. (2021) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1726465 · Cited by 8
Réimplantation du pavillon de l'oreille selon la technique de Mladick : à propos de six cas
Bozonnet, E., Sadek, H., Bettega, G., et al. (2006) · Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique · doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2005.10.005 · Cited by 8
Replantation of multi-level fingertip amputation using the pocket principle (palmar pocket method)
Arata, J., Ishikawa, K., Soeda, H., et al. (2003) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0007-1226(03)00196-6 · Cited by 8
Nonextremity Replantation: The Management of Amputations of the Facial Parts and Testicle
Flores, R. L., Hazen, A., Galiano, R. D., et al. (2007) · Clinics in Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.cps.2006.10.002 · Cited by 8
Delayed, bilateral, non-microvascular ear replantation after violent amputation
García-Murray, E., Adán-Rivas, O., & Salcido-Calzadilla, H. (2007) · Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2007.11.005 · Cited by 7
Delayed Ear Reconstruction: Case Report of Reconstruction of an Avulsed Ear 2 Days After Injury
Brockhoff, H. C., & Zide, M. (2014) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.joms.2014.03.005 · Cited by 7
Mommsen, J., Rodríguez-Fernández, J., Mateos-Micas, M., et al. (2011) · Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction · doi:10.1055/s-0031-1279668 · Cited by 7
Kurian, K. E., Oyer, S. L., & Park, S. S. (2025) · Facial Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1055/a-2437-1107 · Cited by 8
Temporoparietal fascia flap “sandwich” technique for repair of near‐total traumatic auricle avulsion
Kong, D. K., Schutt, C. A., & Mehra, S. (2015) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.25394 · Cited by 6
“This method was further modified by Mladick in 1971.(6) However, this staged method of repair requires multiple surgeries and carries the potential for prolonged disfigurement and psychological distress for the patient.”
MethodLyu, Y., Ma, L., Ke, C., et al. (2018) · BMC Surgery · doi:10.1186/s12893-018-0410-7 · Cited by 6
Surgical Anatomy of the Ear and Neighboring Regions
Avelar, J. M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35683-4_1 · Cited by 6
Auricle injury due to human bite – A rare case report and review literature
Sinwar, P. D. (2014) · International Journal of Surgery Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.11.064 · Cited by 5
Chirurgie secondaire du pavillon de l’oreille
Marchac, A. C. (2019) · Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Esthétique · doi:10.1016/j.anplas.2019.07.012 · Cited by 3
Microvascular free flap reconstruction after craniofacial trauma
Fechner, F. P., & Deschler, D. G. (2002) · Operative Techniques in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1043-1810(02)80065-3 · Cited by 5
Replantation of part of an ear as an open fan composite graft
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A New Method in the Treatment of Ear Amputation
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Eyelid Replantation Eight Months After Traumatic Avulsion
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Microsurgical Replantation of an Ear in a Child without Venous Repair
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Associated Soft Tissue Injuries
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Total Avulsed Ear Management With Radial Forearm Free Flap
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A Comparison of Ear Amputations Replantation Techniques.
Baldini, N. (2023) · Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jormas.2023.101497 · Cited by 2
Der traumatische Ohrmuschelverlust
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Techniques de reconstruction du pavillon de l'oreille
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“In case of deep partialthickness or full thickness burns with exposed cartilage, treatment with local random pattern flaps like the pocket method could be another way [10, 16].”
BackgroundSpezielle Rekonstruktionsverfahren im Gesichtsbereich
Kastenbauer, E. R. (1977) · Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/bf00455137 · Cited by 2
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“[7–9].”
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Management der Ohrmuschelteilamputationen
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134. Verletzungen der Ohrmuschel
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“Kann dies nicht geschehen, so sollte wenigstens der denudierte Knorpel implantiert und ffir den sp/iteren Aufbau verwendet werden [9, 10].”
BackgroundTecniche di ricostruzione del padiglione dell’orecchio
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2 Cases of Auriculoplasty Using Modified Pocket Method
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A Comparison of Ear Amputations Replantation Techniques.
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“In contrast, Sexton and later Mladick et al. advocated the use of a postauricular or mastoid pocket located adjacent to the defect [9,10].”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- MLADICK, R. A., HORTON, C. E., ADAMSON, J. E., & COHEN, B. I.
- Affiliations
- Sentara Norfolk General Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
- Published
- 1971-09
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-223
- ISSN
- 0032-1052 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4299617000
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Reconstructive Surgery and Microvascular Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Internal Medicine › General Medicine and Therapeutics
- Keywords
- wound closure, reconstructive surgery
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