The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Depression and Diabetes Complications: A Meta-Analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the strength and consistency of the relationship between depression and diabetes complications in studies of type 1 and type 2 adult patients with diabetes. METHOD: MEDLINE and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles examining depression and diabetes complications in type 1 and type 2 diabetes samples published between 1975 and 1999. Meta-analytic procedures were used. Studies were reviewed for diabetes type, sample size, statistical tests, and measures of diabetes complications and depression. Significance values, weighted effect sizes r, 95% confidence intervals (CI), and tests of homogeneity of variance were calculated for the overall sample (k = 27) and for subsets of interest. RESULTS: A total of 27 studies (total combined N = 5374) met the inclusion criteria. A significant association was found between depression and complications of diabetes (p < .00001, z = 5.94). A moderate and significant weighted effect size (r = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.22-0.28) was calculated for all studies reporting sufficient data (k = 22). Depression was significantly associated with a variety of diabetes complications (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, macrovascular complications, and sexual dysfunction). Effect sizes were in the small to moderate range (r = 0.17 to 0.32). CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate a significant and consistent association of diabetes complications and depressive symptoms. Prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to identify the pathways that mediate this association.
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“27 cross-sectional studies ( n = 5374) | Depression | *Depression associated with retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, sexual dysfunction and macrovascular complications. Effect size small to moderate ( r = 0.17-0.32).”
From Type 2 diabetes mellitus and psychological stress — a modifiable risk factor (2017) · cites this paper as De Groot (2001) 140
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“Depressed patients with a chronic medical illness are usually sicker than their counterparts37–46 and have lower treatment adherence.37,47–51”
From Anxiety and Depression in COPD (2008) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“risk for diabetes complications (3)”
From Depression in diabetes: have we been missing something important? (2011) · cites this paper as [3]
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Predictors of Depression Symptoms in Patients with Diabetes in Slovakia
Majdán, M., Krajčovičová, L., Pekarčíková, J., Cherecheș, R. M., & O’Mullane, M. (2012) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/pm.44.4.e · Cited by 12
“Depression in patients with diabetes might also accelerate other diabetic complications and increase the disease burden for the individual [3].”
BackgroundDisease Control Among Patients With Diabetes and Severe Depressive Symptoms
Werremeyer, A. B., Maack, B. J., Strand, M. A., Barnacle, M., & Petry, N. (2016) · Journal of Primary Care & Community Health · doi:10.1177/2150131915627423 · Cited by 12
“Scores are stratified into categories of mild (5-9), moderate (10-14), moderately severe (15-19), or severe depression symptoms (20-27).”
BackgroundRelationship between diabetic neuropathy and occurrence of depression among diabetic patients
Dziemidok, P., Dąbrowski, M., & Makara‐Studzińska, M. (2015) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/42352 · Cited by 12
Levine, D. S., Sripada, R., Ganoczy, D., Walters, H. M., Gorman, L. A., & Valenstein, M. (2016) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-15-00287 · Cited by 9
Hall, K. K., Tambekou, J., Penn, L., Camara, A., Balde, N. M., & Sobngwi, E. (2017) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v23i0.983 · Cited by 12
Depression and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Birds of a Feather, But When do They Flock Together?
Vas, P. R. J., & Παπάνας, Ν. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-0808-4269 · Cited by 11
Nicolau, J., Simó, R., Conchillo, C., Sanchís, P., Blanco, J., Romerosa, J. M., Fortuny, R., Bonet, A., & Masmiquel, L. (2019) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-019-01020-x · Cited by 12
Decroli, E., Kam, A., & Dillasamola, D. (2019) · Journal of Research in Pharmacy · doi:10.12991/jrp.2019.136 · Cited by 12
“Previous studies also stated that there is a link between depressive symptoms and macrovascular complications, which was a myocardial infarction [5,19,20].”
BackgroundCox, E. R., Coombes, J. S., Keating, S. E., Burton, N. W., & Coombes, B. K. (2019) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399815666190531083504 · Cited by 12
Schmidt, E. M., Barnes, J. I., Chen, C., Trafton, J. A., Frayne, S. M., & Harris, A. H. S. (2019) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.12060 · Cited by 13
Gonzalez, J. S., & Esbitt, S. A. (2010) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00000798 · Cited by 12
“For example, depression is associated with treatment nonadherence (Gonzalez et al., 2008b), worse glycemic control (Lustman et al., 2000), and higher risk of diabetes complications (de Groot et al., 2001).”
Clinical characteristics of depressed patients with comorbid diabetes mellitus
Petersen, T., Iosifescu, D. V., Papakostas, G. I., Shear, D. L., & D, M. F. M. (2005) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.yic.0000182122.36425.b1 · Cited by 12
“…poor glycemic control, noncompliance with therapy (Tun et al., 1990; McGill et al., 1992; De Groot et al., 1994) and diabetic complications such as cardiovascular disease and retinopathy (Kovacs et al., 1995; Lustman et al., 2000a; De Groot et al., 2001) compared to nondepressed diabetic patients.”
BackgroundKalva, P., Shi, A., Kakkilaya, A., Saleh, I. A., Albadour, M., & Kooner, K. (2024) · Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings · doi:10.1080/08998280.2024.2301917 · Cited by 13
Nassir, C. M. N. C. M., Ghazali, M. M., Safri, A. A., Jaffer, U., Abdullah, W. Z., Idris, N. S., & Mustapha, M. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11020133 · Cited by 12
“Similar findings have also been reported with respect to the association of the presence of WMHs with frontal executive function, memory, and global functioning [69].”
ResultPotential Biomarkers for Predicting Depression in Diabetes Mellitus
Song, X., Zheng, Q., Zhang, R., Wang, M., Deng, W., Wang, Q., Guo, W., Li, T., & Ma, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.731220 · Cited by 12
Rabijewski, M., Papierska, L., Kuczerowski, R., & Piątkiewicz, P. (2015) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s88499 · Cited by 11
Pieper, L., Dirmaier, J., Klotsche, J., Thurau, C., Pittrow, D., Lehnert, H., März, W., Koch, U., & Wïttchen, H. (2010) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-010-1181-1 · Cited by 11
Itakura, H., Kobayashi, M., & Nakamura, S. (2015) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.04.002 · Cited by 11
Li, J., Koek, W., & France, C. P. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.027 · Cited by 11
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript both type-1 (Barnard et al., 2006; Shaban et al., 2006) and type-2 diabetes (Ali et al., 2006; De Groot et al., 2001).”
BackgroundUnderstanding the relationship between depression and diabetic foot ulcers
Steel, A., Reece, J., & Daw, A.-M. (2015) · Journal of Social Health and Diabetes · doi:10.4103/2321-0656.164792 · Cited by 11
“The links between depression and exacerbations of health problems, adverse effects on general functioning and quality of life, lower self-care regimens, and poorer glycemic control in people with diabetes are well-established.([8,9]) The link between depression and DFUs is less clear, and there is clearly a need to in…”
BackgroundMental Health Service and Provider Preference among American Indians with Type 2 Diabetes
Aronson, B. D. (2016) · American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research · doi:10.5820/aian.2301.2016.1 · Cited by 12
Pauley, T., Gargaro, J., Chenard, G., Cavanagh, H., & McKay, S. M. (2016) · Home Health Care Services Quarterly · doi:10.1080/01621424.2016.1264339 · Cited by 13
Weikert, B., Buttery, A. K., Heidemann, C., Rieckmann, N., Paprott, R., Maske, U., Scheidt‐Nave, C., & Busch, M. A. (2018) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/dme.13707 · Cited by 11
Reynolds, M. C., Driver, S. J., Bennett, M., Patel, S. K., Rainey, E. E., & Warren, A. M. (2018) · Clinical Obesity · doi:10.1111/cob.12264 · Cited by 11
“It is also well documented that mental health outcomes such as depression and PTSD contribute to negative outcomes of trauma patients such as increased hospital length of stay (12, 13), increased healthcare utilization (14) and increased medical symptoms and complications (15, 16).”
BackgroundEvaluate Factors Influencing Depression in Baghdad: Using Deck-Depression Inventory
Aljuboori, S. B., Azeez, A.-J. A., Mahmood, A. A. R., Fathel, R., & Talab, H. (2019) · INNOVATIONS in Pharmacy · doi:10.24926/iip.v10i3.2036 · Cited by 7
“A meta-analysis found that depression is associated with several complications in patients with diabetes including retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, sexual dysfunction and macrovascular complications (12).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- de Groot, M., Anderson, R., Freedland, K. E., Clouse, R. E., & Lustman, P. J.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 619-630
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2080312294
- Cited by
- 1,799
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 82 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 61 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 119 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 98 · 2012: 111
- FWCI
- 3.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01dk053060-05)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007456, 5 T32 HL07456-18)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-36452, DK53060, R01DK036452)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- depression, diabetes complications, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, macrovascular complications, sexual dysfunction, depressive symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Depressive Disorder, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diabetic Nephropathies, Diabetic Neuropathies, Diabetic Retinopathy, Humans, Risk Factors, Sick Role, Comorbidity
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