CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 488Diabetes Management and EducationMental Health Treatment and AccessDiabetes Management and Research

Levels and risks of depression and anxiety symptomatology among diabetic adults

Peyrot, Mark, Rubin, Richard R·1997·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/diacare.20.4.585
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To determine levels of depression and anxiety symptoms among adults with diabetes and identify factors associated with increased risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This study administered self-report symptom inventories to patients at the beginning (n = 634) and end (n = 578) of an outpatient diabetes education program. Subjects (n = 246) contacted by mail 6 months later completed the same instruments. RESULTS: Rates of disturbance for depression (41.3%; 95% CI: 37.4–45.2%) and anxiety (49.2%; 95% CI: 45.3–53.1%) were higher than those typical in the general population (10–20%). Probability of disturbance ranged from 5–7% for those with the lowest risk profile to 82–92% for those with the highest risk profile. Diabetes-related complications were the only disease factor associated with significantly increased risk of disturbance. Women and those with less education were at much higher risk. Only 13% of those followed for 6 months were disturbed at all three time-points. CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes is associated with increased risk of psychological disturbance, especially for those with more diabetes-related complications. Sociodemographic factors account for much of the risk differential among people with diabetes.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2337/diacare.20.4.585

Cites

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Comorbid depression is often associated with a worse course of physical disorders, partly because depression is often associated with non-adherence to treatment regimens.

    “comorbid depression is often associated with a worse course of the physical disorder.114–116 A number of reasons could be involved here, but one of the most consistently documented is that depression is often associated with non-adherence to treatment regimens.112, 117, 118”

    From The Costs of Depression (2012) · cites this paper as [115]

  • Studies of the prevalence of co-occurring anxiety and affective disorders have yielded mixed results.

    “Studies of the prevalence of co-occurring anxiety and affective disorders have also yielded mixed results [9–11]”

    From A longitudinal study of affective and anxiety disorders, depressive affect and diabetes distress in adults with type 2 diabetes (2008) · cites this paper as [11]

Cites

Still being checked.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Peyrot, M., & Rubin, R. R.
Affiliations
Johns Hopkins University (US)
ORCID
Peyrot, Mark
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
1997-04-01
Volume
20
Issue
4
Pages
585-590
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/diacare.20.4.585
OpenAlex
W2095264320
Cited by
488
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 23
FWCI
5.15
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
depression, anxiety, diabetes mellitus, psychological distress, diabetes complications, risk factors, sociodemographic factors, diabetes education, women, educational attainment
MeSH terms
Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Anxiety, Black or African American, Depression, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Education, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Education as Topic, Personality Inventory, Probability, Risk Factors, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, White People, Diabetes Complications

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review