The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion
Abstract
The assembly of apolipoprotein B (apoB) into VLDL is broadly divided into two steps. The first involves transfer of lipid by the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) to apoB during translation. The second involves fusion of apoB-containing precursor particles with triglyceride droplets to form mature VLDL. ApoB and MTP are homologs of the egg yolk storage protein, lipovitellin. Homodimerization surfaces in lipovitellin are reutilized in apoB and MTP to achieve apoB-MTP interactions necessary for first step assembly. Structural modeling predicts a small lipovitellin-like lipid binding cavity in MTP and a transient lipovitellin-like cavity in apoB important for nucleation of lipid sequestration. The formation of triglyceride droplets in the endoplasmic reticulum requires MTP however, their fusion with apoB may be MTP-independent. Second step assembly is modulated by phospholipase D and A2. Phospholipases may prime membrane transport steps required for second step fusion and/or channel phospholipids into a pathway for VLDL triglyceride production. The enzymology of VLDL triglyceride synthesis is still poorly understood; however, it appears that ACAT2 is the sole source of cholesterol esters for VLDL and chylomicron assembly. VLDL production is controlled primarily at the level of presecretory degradation. Recently, it was discovered that the LDL receptor modulates VLDL production through its interactions with nascent VLDL in the secretory pathway.
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In the citing paper
“VLDL/LDL particles mediated lipid secretion from the liver, and there are 2 steps generally involved in VLDL/LDL assembly. First, the MTTP transports the lipids onto APOB to form precursor particles. Then, the precursor particles and TG droplets combine to form mature VLDL/LDL (28).”
From Hypomorphic ASGR1 modulates lipid homeostasis via INSIG1-mediated SREBP signaling suppression (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“About 95% of apoB binds to LDL particles, and each LDL particle binds to only one apoB molecule [42].”
From Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
In the citing paper
“ApoB is a major component of LDL particles and is essential for the removal of LDL particles in the circulation.”
From Effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
Citations
Cites
Cases, S., Smith, S. J., Zheng, Y.-W., Myers, H. M., Lear, S. R., Sande, E., Novak, S., Collins, C. C., Welch, C. L., Lusis, A. J., et al. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.22.13018 · Cited by 1,138
Obesity resistance and multiple mechanisms of triglyceride synthesis in mice lacking Dgat
Smith, S. J., Cases, S., Jensen, D. R., Chen, H. C., Sande, E., Tow, B., Sanan, D. A., Raber, J., Eckel, R. H., & Farese, R. V. (2000) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/75651 · Cited by 895
Raabe, M., Véniant, M. M., Sullivan, M. A., Zlot, C. H., Björkegren, J., Nielsen, L. B., Wong, J. S., Hamilton, R. L., & Young, S. G. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci6576 · Cited by 395
Chang, C. C., Huh, H. Y., Cadigan, K. M., & Chang, T. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)36846-2 · Cited by 389
Oelkers, P. M., Behari, A., Cromley, D. A., Billheimer, J. T., & Sturley, S. L. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.41.26765 · Cited by 377
Subcellular localization of B apoprotein of plasma lipoproteins in rat liver.
Alexander, C. A., Hamilton, R. L., & Havel, R. J. (1976) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.69.2.241 · Cited by 361
ACAT-2, A Second Mammalian Acyl-CoA:Cholesterol Acyltransferase
Cases, S., Novak, S., Zheng, Y.-W., Myers, H. M., Lear, S. R., Sande, E., Welch, C. B., Lusis, A. J., Spencer, T. A., Krause, B. R., et al. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.41.26755 · Cited by 344
A proposed model for the assembly of chylomicrons
Hussain, M. M. (2000) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00397-4 · Cited by 316
Resistance to diet-induced hypercholesterolemia and gallstone formation in ACAT2-deficient mice
Buhman, K. K., Accad, M., Novak, S., Choi, R. S., Wong, J. S., Hamilton, R. L., Turley, S., & Farese, R. V. (2000) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/82153 · Cited by 312
Apolipoprotein B: mRNA Editing, Lipoprotein Assembly, and Presecretory Degradation
Davidson, N. O., & Shelness, G. S. (2000) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.20.1.169 · Cited by 311
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Spady, 2000, J Biol Chem, 275, 27005, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)61472-9 · DOI
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Items 301–309 of 309
Clinical Assessment of Anti-Atherogenic Function of HighDensity Lipoprotein (HDL)
Ma, F. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/aec01babza8edz47a2zb4d4zc7c3be00b185
Omics of human plasma lipoproteins : role in cardiometabolic diseases
Zakiev, E. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/d80fee25za2f2z4790z9eb9ze82d5514a198
Wang, S., Li, J., Song, C., Li, Q., Yang, H., & Chen, M. (2026) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178863
Świerczek, N., Ropka‐Molik, K., Piórkowska, K., Małopolska, M. M., Tyra, M., Szmatoła, T., Muszyński, S., & Quembo, C. J. (2026) · Veterinary Research Communications · doi:10.1007/s11259-026-11479-8
Hypocholesterolemia in liver and cardiovascular disease: Friend or foe?
Flagiello, V., Barreby, E., Gentilucci, U. V., & Romeo, S. (2026) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.70142
Ding, C., Tang, H., Zhang, Z., He, F., Liu, P., & Cai, T. (2026) · Aquaculture Reports · doi:10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103850
Mechanisms behind the lipid-lowering effects of ACTH - Studies in different experimental models
Skoog, M. (2007) · Lund University Publications (Lund University)
Metadata
- Authors
- Shelness, G. S., & Sellers, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shelness, Gregory S.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Lipidology
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 151-157
- ISSN
- 0957-9672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993281511
- Cited by
- 309
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Lipidology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL 49373, P01HL049373)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- very low density lipoprotein assembly, apolipoprotein B, microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, lipovitellin, VLDL secretion, phospholipase D, phospholipase A2, ACAT2, cholesteryl ester synthesis, LDL receptor, chylomicron assembly, endoplasmic reticulum, lipoprotein secretion
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Apolipoproteins B, Carrier Proteins, Humans, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Phospholipases, Receptors, LDL, Triglycerides, Vitellogenins
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