Insulin resistance, low-fat diets, and low-carbohydrate diets: time to test new menus
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Insulin resistance increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and the risk of cardiovascular disease increases further once diabetes has developed. As insulin resistance is a precursor to diabetes, it is critically important to identify cost-effective means, such as dietary changes, by which to reduce insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to evaluate recent findings concerning dietary composition and insulin resistance, with particular focus on low-fat diets compared with the currently popular low-carbohydrate diets. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings indicate little support for the value of low-carbohydrate diets as therapies for insulin resistance. In contrast, the limited data available suggest that the higher fat content of typical low-carbohydrate diets may exacerbate insulin resistance in the long term. Preliminary data indicate that proteins from different sources may have differing effects on insulin resistance. Preliminary data also suggest the potential value of whole grains, fruits and vegetables in therapeutic diets to reduce insulin resistance. SUMMARY: Current evidence supports the inclusion of whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and lean sources of animal proteins including low-fat dairy products in dietary therapies for insulin resistance. Those who wish to follow a low-carbohydrate diet should be encouraged to follow a new menu low in fat, and with most of the protein derived from plant sources.
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An important difference between the Mediterranean and ADA diets is likely to be the content of MUFAs, which has been shown to affect lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and postprandial glucose concentrations.
“An important difference between the Mediterranean and ADA diets is likely to be the content of MUFAs, which has been shown to have an impact on the lipd profile (54,55), insulin sensitivity (56-58), and postprandial glucose concentrations (59).”
From Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes (2013) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Schwenke, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Carl T. Hayden Veterans Affairs Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schwenke, Dawn Colleen
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Lipidology
- Published
- 2005-02
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 55-60
- ISSN
- 0957-9672 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062702621
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2019: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Lipidology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- insulin resistance, low-fat diet, low-carbohydrate diet, diet composition, diabetes prevention, cardiovascular risk, whole grains, fruits and vegetables, dietary protein, plant proteins, low-fat dairy, dietary fat intake
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diet, Diet Therapy, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Proteins, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Humans, Insulin Resistance
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