Comparison of monounsaturated fat with carbohydrates as a replacement for saturated fat in subjects with a high metabolic risk profile: studies in the fasting and postprandial states
Open accessAbstract
Background In subjects with a high prevalence of metabolic risk abnormalities, the preferred replacement for saturated fat is unresolved.Objective The objective was to study whether carbohydrate or monounsaturated fat is a preferred replacement for saturated fat.Design Fifty-two men and 33 women, selected to have any combination of HDL cholesterol < or = 30th percentile, triacylglycerol > or = 70th percentile, or insulin > or = 70th percentile, were enrolled in a 3-period, 7-wk randomized crossover study. The subjects consumed an average American diet (AAD; 36% of energy from fat) and 2 additional diets in which 7% of energy from saturated fat was replaced with either carbohydrate (CHO diet) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA diet).Results Relative to the AAD, LDL cholesterol was lower with both the CHO (-7.0%) and MUFA (-6.3%) diets, whereas the difference in HDL cholesterol was smaller during the MUFA diet (-4.3%) than during the CHO diet (-7.2%). Plasma triacylglycerols tended to be lower with the MUFA diet, but were significantly higher with the CHO diet. Although dietary lipid responses varied on the basis of baseline lipid profiles, the response to diet did not differ between subjects with or without the metabolic syndrome or with or without insulin resistance. Postprandial triacylglycerol concentrations did not differ significantly between the diets. Lipoprotein(a) concentrations increased with both the CHO (20%) and MUFA (11%) diets relative to the AAD.Conclusions In the study population, who were at increased risk of coronary artery disease, MUFA provided a greater reduction in risk as a replacement for saturated fat than did carbohydrate.
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Saturated fat lowers lipoprotein(a), an independent and causal cardiovascular risk factor, in comparison to monounsaturated fat or carbohydrate.
“Saturated fat also lower lipoprotein(a), an independent and casual cardiovascular risk factor,342 in comparison to monounsaturated fat or carbohydrate.343”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [343]
Compared with a Western diet, the DASH diet reduced TC (-9.5%), LDL-C (-9.1%), and HDL-C (-9.2%) but did not adversely affect triglycerides.
“Compared with a Western diet, the DASH diet reduced TC (Ϫ9.5%),LDL-C (Ϫ9.1%), and HDL-C (Ϫ9.2%) but did not adversely affect triglycerides.”
From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [394]
TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels did not change with the fruits and vegetables diet.
“TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels did not change with the fruits and vegetables diet.”
From Triglycerides and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2011) · cites this paper as [394]
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“Saturated fats also lower lipoprotein(a), an independent and casual cardiovascular risk factor,(342) in comparison with monounsaturated fat or carbohydrate.(343)”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Berglund, L., Lefevre, M., Ginsberg, H. N., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Elmer, P. J., Stewart, P. W., Ershow, A., Pearson, T. A., Dennis, B. H., Roheim, P. S., Ramakrishnan, R., Reed, R., Stewart, K., & Phillips, K. M.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berglund, Lars
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1611-1620
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134436172
- Cited by
- 172
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 8.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL049659, U01HL049644, HL049648, U01HL049651, U01HL049659, HL049651, HL049649, U01HL049649, U01HL049648)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000645, M01 RR00645)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- monounsaturated fatty acids, dietary carbohydrates, saturated fat replacement, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, lipoprotein(a), postprandial lipemia, coronary artery disease risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Apolipoproteins B, Blood Glucose, Cholesterol, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Fats, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Triglycerides, Uric Acid, Apolipoprotein A-I, Lipoprotein(a), Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period
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