Effect of a High-Protein, Energy-Restricted Diet on Body Composition, Glycemic Control, and Lipid Concentrations in Overweight and Obese Hyperinsulinemic Men and Women
Open accessAbstract
Background It is not clear whether varying the protein-to-carbohydrate ratio of weight-loss diets benefits body composition or metabolism.Objective The objective was to compare the effects of 2 weight-loss diets differing in protein-to-carbohydrate ratio on body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism, and markers of bone turnover.Design A parallel design included either a high-protein diet of meat, poultry, and dairy foods (HP diet: 27% of energy as protein, 44% as carbohydrate, and 29% as fat) or a standard-protein diet low in those foods (SP diet: 16% of energy as protein, 57% as carbohydrate, and 27% as fat) during 12 wk of energy restriction (6-6.3 MJ/d) and 4 wk of energy balance ( approximately 8.2 MJ/d). Fifty-seven overweight volunteers with fasting insulin concentrations > 12 mU/L completed the study.Results Weight loss (7.9 +/- 0.5 kg) and total fat loss (6.9 +/- 0.4 kg) did not differ between diet groups. In women, total lean mass was significantly (P = 0.02) better preserved with the HP diet (-0.1 +/- 0.3 kg) than with the SP diet (-1.5 +/- 0.3 kg). Those fed the HP diet had significantly (P < 0.03) less glycemic response at weeks 0 and 16 than did those fed the SP diet. After weight loss, the glycemic response decreased significantly (P < 0.05) more in the HP diet group. The reduction in serum triacylglycerol concentrations was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in the HP diet group (23%) than in the SP diet group (10%). Markers of bone turnover, calcium excretion, and systolic blood pressure were unchanged.Conclusion Replacing carbohydrate with protein from meat, poultry, and dairy foods has beneficial metabolic effects and no adverse effects on markers of bone turnover or calcium excretion.
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Compliance is known to increase when the foods are provided.
“However, compliance is known to increase when the foods are provided [34,48,56,64,66]”
Whether increasing protein intake during weight loss can limit the weight-loss-induced loss of fat-free mass is unclear because of conflicting results reported in the literature.
“Whether increasing protein intake during weight loss can limit the weight-loss-induced loss of fat-free mass is unclear because of conflicting results reported in the literature (54, 56, 96, 98, 101-108).”
From Preserving Healthy Muscle during Weight Loss (2017) · cites this paper as [102]
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de Souza, R. J., Bray, G. A., Carey, V. J., Hall, K. D., LeBoff, M. S., Loria, C. M., Laranjo, N. M., Sacks, F. M., & Smith, S. R. (2012) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.026328 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“Other comparative studies of weight loss and maintenance also failed to achieve target contrasts (6, 14, 55–57), and our results are consistent with weight-loss trials that tested a;10% contrast in protein (14, 42) and with the largest study that examined a ;20% contrast in fat (48).”
BackgroundResultBrennan, I. M., Luscombe‐Marsh, N. D., Seimon, R. V., Otto, B., Horowitz, M., Wishart, J. M., & Feinle‐Bisset, C. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00478.2011 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
“Accordingly, one dietary strategy for the management of obesity has been to replace some carbohydrate in the diet with protein (2, 19, 49), although the benefit of this approach remains uncertain (24, 29, 48).”
BackgroundEffect of Energy‐Reduced Diets High in Dairy Products and Fiber on Weight Loss in Obese Adults
Thompson, W. G., Holdman, N. R., Janzow, D., Slezak, J. M., Morris, K. L., & Zemel, M. B. (2005) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2005.163 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Understanding and Managing Obesity in Dogs and Cats
Laflamme, D. P. (2006) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2006.08.005 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The impact of obesity on female reproductive function
Metwally, M., Li, T. C., & Ledger, W. J. (2007) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00406.x · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“Low-energy high-protein diets have also been shown to have comparable effects to low-caloric diets (68,69) and several studies have even shown that they may have preferable metabolic effects (70,71).”
BackgroundSchwingshackl, L., & Hoffmann, G. (2013) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-12-48 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
“Among them, a high-protein (HP) regimen has gained increasing interest in recent years [3].”
BackgroundKang, H., Greenson, J. K., Omo, J. T., Chao, C., Peterman, D., Anderson, L., Foess-Wood, L., Sherbondy, M. A. H., & Conjeevaram, H. S. (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00719.x · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Dietary Calcium and Dairy Modulation of Adiposity and Obesity Risk
Zemel, M. B., & Miller, S. L. (2004) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00034.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“These studies report enhanced weight loss, enhanced fat loss, muscle-protein sparing, improved glucose regulation, and triglyceride reduction in response to moderately high-protein diets.(40,41) There are several reasons why diets that emphasize protein may result in greater weight loss.”
BackgroundBrinkworth, G. D., Noakes, M., Parker, B., Foster, P., & Clifton, P. M. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1511-7 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Several short-term, randomised, controlled studies (≤6 months duration) have shown that the replacement of some dietary carbohydrate with protein in low-fat diets (≤30%) enhances weight loss [7], is associated with favourable changes in body composition [7, 8, 9] and exerts beneficial effects on CVD risk factors, incl…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMoran, L., Noakes, M., Clifton, P. M., Wittert, G., Tomlinson, L., Galletly, C. A., Luscombe‐Marsh, N. D., & Norman, R. J. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031583 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Weight Loss on Lean Mass, Strength, Bone, and Aerobic Capacity
WEISS, E. P., JORDAN, R. C., FRESE, E. M., ALBERT, S. G., & VILLAREAL, D. T. (2017) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001074 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
“Dietary protein has been shown to influence lean mass losses during weight loss (11,19).”
BackgroundLacroix, M., Gaudichon, C., Martin, A., Morens, C., Mathé, V., Tomé, D., & Huneau, J.-F. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00100.2004 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“In agreement with studies performed in humans (14, 33), we also reported a stabilization of serum triacylglycerol concentrations with age in HP rats, whereas triglycerides increased from 15 days to 6 mo in NP rats.”
BackgroundResultDietary Approaches to the Treatment of Obesity
Makris, A., & Foster, G. D. (2011) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.004 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
“Farnsworth et al [79] found that women who consumed a high-protein diet lost significantly less lean body mass after 16 weeks than women who ate a standard protein diet.”
BackgroundLuscombe-Marsh, N. D., Noakes, M., Wittert, G. A., Keogh, J. B., Foster, P., & Clifton, P. M. (2005) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/81.4.762 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
“This finding contrasts with the results of 2 of our previous studies of subjects with moderately elevated insulin concentrations and type 2 diabetes, which showed statistically greater improvements in postprandial glucose responses, fasting lipid concentrations, and fat loss and lean mass preservation in women after 1…”
ResultSelf-citationKoliaki, C., Spinos, T., Spinou, Μ., Brinia, Μ.-E., Mitsopoulou, D., & Katsilambros, N. (2018) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare6030073 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“In overweight men and women with either insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes, a high-protein weight loss diet (28–30% protein from mixed sources) was shown to enhance fat loss by 1–2 kg over 12 weeks, particularly in women, compared with an isocaloric high-carbohydrate diet [74,75].”
BackgroundProtein in optimal health: heart disease and type 2 diabetes
Layman, D. K., Clifton, P., Gannon, M. C., Krauss, R. M., & Nuttall, F. Q. (2008) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1571s · Cited by 142 · see citing works
“Weight loss or just a reduction in food energy has repeatedly been shown to reduce fasting glucose concentrations and improve blood glucose control in people with (13, 58, 59) or without (20, 49) T2D.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationCOMPANION ANIMALS SYMPOSIUM: Obesity in dogs and cats: What is wrong with being fat?1
Laflamme, D. P. (2011) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4571 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Bowen, J., Noakes, M., & Clifton, P. M. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802895 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Self-citationSkeletal muscle responses to negative energy balance: Effects of dietary protein
Carbone, J. W., McClung, J. P., & Pasiakos, S. M. (2012) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.111.001792 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Others have also demonstrated benefits of consuming higher protein diets during prolonged periods of negative energy balance, with consistent reports documenting the attenuation of the loss of FFM after weight loss (4,6).”
BackgroundEffects of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovarian syndrome
Moran, L., Brinkworth, G. D., Noakes, M., & Norman, R. J. (2006) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61182-0 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationSoenen, S., Martens, E. A. P., Hochstenbach‐Waelen, A., Lemmens, S. G. T., & Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S. (2013) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.112.167593 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Nutrition for Aging Cats and Dogs and the Importance of Body Condition
Laflamme, D. P. (2005) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Small Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.12.011 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
“Conversely, numerous studies have shown that increasing dietary protein, often in exchange for carbohydrates, has beneficial effects for weight management [66–71].”
BackgroundIMPACT OF OBESITY ON FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
Калинкина, О. Б., Калинкина, О. Б., Tezikov, Y. V., Владимирович, Т. Ю., Станиславович, Л. И., Станиславович, Л. И., Аравина, О. Р., & Аравина, О. Р. (2016) · Aspirantskiy Vestnik Povolzhiya · doi:10.17816/2072-2354.2016.0.5-6.55-61 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Protein, body weight, and cardiovascular health
Hu, F. B. (2005) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/82.1.242s · Cited by 130 · see citing works
“(7) and Skov (13) found a significant decrease in triacylglycerols”
BackgroundMacronutrient Considerations for the Sport of Bodybuilding
Lambert, C. P., Frank, L. L., & Evans, W. J. (2004) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200434050-00004 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Dietary protein, metabolism, and body-weight regulation: dose–response effects
Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., Luscombe-Marsh, N., Lejeune, M. P. G. M., Diepvens, K., Nieuwenhuizen, A., Engelen, M. P. K. J., Deutz, N. E. P., Azzout-Marniche, D., Tome, D., & Westerterp, K. R. (2006) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803487 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Daly, M. E., Paisey, R., Paisey, R., Millward, B. A., Eccles, C., Williams, K., Hammersley, S., MacLeod, K. M., & Gale, T. J. (2005) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01760.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Kerksick, C., Thomas, A., Campbell, B., Taylor, L., Wilborn, C., Marcello, B., Roberts, M., Pfau, E., Grimstvedt, M., Opusunju, J., et al. (2009) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-6-23 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“Similar weight maintenance models have been previously investigated [14] for their effectiveness and this approach is utilized as a weight maintenance approach during this program.”
InfluentialDistinct phenotypes of obesity-prone AKR/J, DBA2J and C57BL/6J mice compared to control strains
Alexander, J. T., Chang, G., Dourmashkin, J. T., & LEIBOWITZ, S. F. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803110 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Dietary Protein Intake and Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Review
Faria, S. L., Faria, O. P., Buffington, C. K., Cardeal, M. D. A., & Ito, M. (2011) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-011-0441-y · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Donato, J., Pedrosa, R. G., Cruzat, V. F., Pires, I. S. D. O., & Tirapegui, J. (2006) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2005.12.008 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Protein Quantity and Quality at Levels above the RDA Improves Adult Weight Loss
Layman, D. K. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719435 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“These findings are similar to other reports [1,2,51,52] and support the hypothesis that increased dietary leucine can spare lean tissue during weight loss.”
BackgroundResultDietary protein for athletes: from requirements to metabolic advantage
Phillips, S. M. (2006) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-035 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Sarcopenic obesity in the elderly and strategies for weight management
Li, Z., & Heber, D. (2012) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00453.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The effects of whey protein on cardiometabolic risk factors
Pal, S., & Radavelli‐Bagatini, S. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
“Increasing dietary protein intake may cause favourable changes in circulating lipid and lipoprotein levels, including reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, serum triglyceride (TG), and serum total cholesterol levels and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations, all of which are i…”
BackgroundOutcomes of a 12-Month Web-Based Intervention for Overweight and Obese Men
Patrick, K., Calfas, K. J., Norman, G. J., Rosenberg, D. E., Zabinski, M. F., Sallis, J. F., Rock, C. L., & Dillon, L. W. (2011) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-011-9296-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
“There is better support for dietary interventions that restrict energy intake [50, 51], at least in the short-term.”
BackgroundRuiz, E., Ávila, J. M. B., Valero, T., de la Calle, S. D. P., Rodríguez-Alonso, P., Bartrina, J. A., Gil, Á., González‐Gross, M., Anta, R. M. O., Serra‐Majem, L., et al. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8030177 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Other potential adverse effects due to high protein intake are in relation to insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, with somewhat contradictory results [30–32].”
ResultCriteria and markers for protein quality assessment – a review
Tomé, D. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002565 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Tipton, K. D., & Witard, O. C. (2007) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2006.11.003 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Soenen, S., Bonomi, A. G., Lemmens, S. G. T., Scholte, J., Thijssen, M. A. M. A., van Berkum, F., & Westerterp‐Plantenga, M. S. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.08.004 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“The other factors that support the success of a relatively highprotein diet are sustained energy expenditure by the FFM sparing effect, while FM is reduced [7,19,28–34].”
BackgroundThorpe, M. P., Jacobson, E. H., Layman, D. K., He, X., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., & Evans, E. M. (2008) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/138.6.1096 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Protein, amino acids and the control of food intake
Tome, D. (2004) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20041138 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Last, the variations in plasma hormones and free amino acid concentrations can be directly recorded by the central nervous system mainly through the concomitant variations in their intracerebral levels (Peters & Harper, 1987; Feurté et al. 1999; Farnsworth et al. 2003; Morens et al. 2003; Raben et al. 2003).”
BackgroundGut Microbiota and Lifestyle Interventions in NAFLD
Houghton, D., Stewart, C. J., Day, C. P., & Trenell, M. I. (2016) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms17040447 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“More recently, high protein diets have been shown to be effective for reducing hepatic lipids, blood lipids, body fat, CVD risk and improve insulin sensitivity and anti-oxidative potential [132,145–149].”
BackgroundQuispe, R., Martin, S. S., & Jones, S. R. (2016) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000241 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Muzio, F., Mondazzi, L., Harris, W. S., Sommariva, D., & Branchi, A. (2007) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/86.4.946 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“Previous interventional studies that evaluated the effects of the substitution of protein for carbohydrate on blood pressure showed that this substitution was effective in reducing blood pressure in most situations (11,15–17, 28, 29), but not in obese hyperinsulinemic patients (9, 10).”
BackgroundBowen, J., Noakes, M., & Clifton, P. M. (2004) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/134.3.568 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationNeacsu, M., Fyfe, C., Horgan, G. W., & Johnstone, A. M. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.077503 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sarcopenic obesity: An appraisal of the current status of knowledge and management in elderly people
Molino, S., Dossena, M., Buonocore, D., & Verri, M. (2016) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0631-8 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Additionally, hypocaloric diets for SO in older people should supply adequate protein, which may help to prevent muscle loss (89) and improve adherence to low energy intake (90).”
Bujnowski, D., Xun, P., Daviglus, M. L., Horn, L. V., He, K., & Stamler, J. (2011) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2011.05.002 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“Finally, several previous short-term studies were conducted among individuals who were hyperinsulinemic (5, 7) or had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (8–9).”
BackgroundThomson, C. A., Stopeck, A. T., Bea, J. W., Cussler, E., Nardi, E., Frey, G., & Thompson, P. A. (2010) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635581.2010.513803 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Evangelista, L. S., Heber, D., Li, Z., Bowerman, S., Hamilton, M. A., & Fonarow, G. C. (2009) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e31819846b9 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Blouet, C., Mariotti, F., Azzout‐Marniche, D., Bos, C., Mathé, V., Tomé, D., & Huneau, J. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.7.1849 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Low-carbohydrate versus balanced-carbohydrate diets for reducing weight and cardiovascular risk
Naude, C. E., Brand, A., Schoonees, A., Nguyen, K. A., Chaplin, M., & Volmink, J. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013334.pub2 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Pointers for nutritional management
Farshchi, H., Rane, A., Love, A., & Kennedy, R. L. (2007) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1080/01443610701667338 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Although it has been controversial, recent evidence suggests that higher intake of protein improves the glucose and insulin responses to a glucose load (Gannon et al. 2003; Farnsworth et al. 2003).”
BackgroundMethodThe Satiating Effect of Dietary Protein Is Unrelated to Postprandial Ghrelin Secretion
Moran, L., Luscombe‐Marsh, N. D., Noakes, M., Wittert, G., Keogh, J. B., & Clifton, P. M. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0701 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationKerksick, C. M., Wismann-Bunn, J., Fogt, D., Thomas, A. R., Taylor, L., Campbell, B. I., Wilborn, C. D., Harvey, T., Roberts, M. D., La Bounty, P., et al. (2010) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-9-59 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“It has been reported that higher intakes of dietary protein during dieting can prevent losses of lean mass, however, these findings are somewhat mixed [9,22].”
BackgroundResultMiguel, C. D., Lund, H., & Mattson, D. L. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.154302 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Effects of dietary protein on glucose homeostasis
Promintzer, M., & Krebs, M. (2006) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000232909.84483.a9 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Moran, L., & Norman, R. J. (2004) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.003 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Clifton, P. M., Bastiaans, K., & Keogh, J. B. (2009) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2008.10.006 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“[15] HP cheese, skim milk powder, biscuits, chicken, beef, polyunsaturated oil, low fat margarine, SP rice, biscuits, chicken, beef, chicken, polyunsaturated oil, low fat margarine, and LuscombeMarsh et al.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationEffect of Macronutrient Composition on Short-Term Food Intake and Weight Loss
Bellissimo, N., & Akhavan, T. (2015) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.114.006957 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Dietary management of the metabolic syndrome beyond macronutrients
Minich, D. M., & Bland, J. S. (2008) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00075.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The optimal diet for women with polycystic ovary syndrome?
Marsh, K. A., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2005) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20051475 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“…as well as those with hyperinsulinaemia and type 2 diabetes have failed to show significant long-term benefits of a high-protein diet on weight loss or insulin sensitivity (Parker et al. 2002; Farnsworth et al. 2003; Foster et al. 2003; Moran et al. 2003; Stamets et al. 2004; Stern et al. 2004).”
BackgroundResultLin, Y., Bolca, S., Vandevijvere, S., Vriese, S. D., Mouratidou, T., Neve, M. D., Polet, A., Oyen, H. J. V., Camp, J. V., Backer, G. D., et al. (2010) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114510004642 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“One of these trials, involving healthy menopausal women, has suggested that milk whey protein can prevent bone loss((25)), while two others trials with overweight (OW) or insulin-resistant subjects have indicated that proteins from meat, poultry, fish and dairy foods had beneficial metabolic effects((26,27)) and impro…”
Hansen, T. T., Astrup, A., & Sjödin, A. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13093193 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“, 11 studies [38,43,44,48,52,56,60,63,66,69,71]), resulted in an outcome comparable to the main analysis with mean (95% CI) body weight reduction compared to controls of 1.”
BackgroundResultGardner, C. D., Kiazand, A., Alhassan, S., Kim, S., Stafford, R. S., Balise, R. R., KRAEMER, H. C., & King, A. C. (2007) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/01.ogx.0000269084.43998.38 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Differential Loss of Fat and Lean Mass in the Morbidly Obese After Bariatric Surgery
Zalesin, K. C., Franklin, B. A., Lillystone, M. A., Shamoun, T., Krause, K. R., Chengelis, D. L., Mucci, S. J., Shaheen, K. W., & McCullough, P. A. (2010) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2009.0012 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Mahon, A. K., Flynn, M. G., Stewart, L. K., McFarlin, B. K., Iglay, H. B., Mattes, R. D., Lyle, R. M., Considine, R. V., & Campbell, W. W. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719600 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Most MHP/HP studies that have shown improved insulin sensitivity were limited to persons with IR before reduction in body mass [3,6,10,11,13,19,21,24].”
Background
- Authors
- Farnsworth, E., Luscombe, N. D., Noakes, M., Wittert, G., Argyiou, E., & Clifton, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Clifton, Peter M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-07
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-39
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2167607978
- Cited by
- 438
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 16.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Dietary Effects on Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- high-protein diet, caloric restriction, weight loss, protein-carbohydrate ratio, body composition, lean mass preservation, glycemic control, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, obesity, overweight, lipid metabolism, triglycerides, bone turnover, calcium excretion, systolic blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin Resistance, Lipids, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Triglycerides
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