Sleep in menopause: differential effects of two forms of hormone replacement therapy
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate differences between two regimens of estrogen/progestogen replacement therapy on nocturnal sleep in postmenopausal women. METHODS: Twenty-one (21) postmenopausal women were studied. They were randomized into two treatment groups: (1) estrogen (Premarin 0.625 mg) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (Provera 5 mg) (n = 11) or (2) estrogen (Premarin 0.625 mg) and oral micronized progesterone (Prometrium 200 mg) (n = 10). Postmenopausal women were recorded for two consecutive nights in the sleep laboratory at baseline and again after 6 months of treatment in a randomized trial. The women also had to fill out evening and morning sleep and vigilance questionnaires for 7 days before baseline recordings and for 23 days before month 6 recordings. RESULTS: Sleep efficiency was found to be significantly improved in the micronized progesterone group. It increased by 8% (p = 0.014) with no such increase observed in the medroxyprogesterone acetate group. Time spent awake after sleep onset was also significantly improved in the micronized progesterone group but not in the medroxyprogesterone acetate group. On the other hand, menopausal symptoms and subjective measures of sleep (questionnaires) improved in both groups after treatment. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that medroxyprogesterone acetate and micronized progesterone are both effective for treating menopausal symptoms but that the latter might better improve the quality of sleep in postmenopausal women taking estrogen.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Several studies comparing hormone therapy to placebo have found that hormone therapy improves perceived sleep quality and self-reported sleeping problems more than placebo.
“Although several studies comparing HT to a placebo have found that HT improves perceived sleep quality and self-reported sleeping problems more than a placebo [112-123]”
From Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia (2012) · cites this paper as [120]
Cites
Association of Waking Episodes With Menopausal Hot Flushes
Erlik, Y. (1981) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1981.03310420031025 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Sleep disturbance in healthy middle-aged women
Owens, J. F., & Matthews, K. A. (1998) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(98)00039-5 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Effect of oestrogen on the sleep, mood, and anxiety of menopausal women.
Thomson, J. A., & Oswald, I. P. (1977) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6098.1317 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Effects of Estrogens on Sleep and Psychological State of Hypogonadal Women
Schiff, I. (1979) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1979.03300220017014 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Sleep patterns and stability in perimenopausal women
Shaver, J., Giblin, E., Lentz, M., & Lee, K. (1988) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/11.6.556 · Cited by 186 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One sleep laboratory study revealed that peri-and postmenopausal women have reduced sleep efficiency and increased REM sleep latency compared with premenopausal women.(13) One recent longitudinal study(14) demonstrated that the transition from premenopausal to postmenopausal status was associated with increased disrup…”
BackgroundChanges in Sleep and Sleep Electroencephalogram During Pregnancy
Brunner, D. P., Münch, M., Biedermann, K., Huch, R., Huch, A., & Borbély, A. A. (1994) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/17.7.576 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Progestin and estrogen reduce sleep-disordered breathing in postmenopausal women
Pickett, C. K., Regensteiner, J. G., Woodard, W. D., Hagerman, D. D., Weil, J. V., & MOORE, L. G. (1989) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1989.66.4.1656 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Freeman, E. W., Purdy, R. H., Coutifaris, C., Rickels, K., & Paul, S. M. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000126579 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Sleep Patterns Related to Menstrual Cycle Phase and Premenstrual Affective Symptoms
Lee, K. A., Shaver, J. F., Giblin, E. C., & Woods, N. F. (1990) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/13.5.403 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Wiklund, I. E., Berg, G. E., Hammar, M. L., KARLBERG, J. P. E., Lindgren, R., & Sandin, K. (1992) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/0378-5122(92)90117-m · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Balfour, J. A. B., & Heel, R. C. (1990) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199040040-00006 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Hormone replacement therapy, sleep quality and psychological wellbeing
Purdie, D. W., Empson, J., Crichton, C., & Macdonald, L. (1995) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb11433.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Characteristics of sleep patterns during late pregnancy and the postpartum periods
Karacan, I., Heine, W., Agnew, H. W., Williams, R. L., Webb, W. B., & Ross, J. J. (1968) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(68)90293-7 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Effect of estradiol implant on noradrenergic function and mood in menopausal subjects
Best, N. R., Rees, M., Barlow, D. H., & Cowen, P. J. (1992) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(92)90079-m · Cited by 85 · see citing works
17β-Estradiol For Postmenopausal Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Nichols, K. C., Schenkel, L., & Benson, H. (1984) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-198404000-00022 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Subjective sleep disturbance at the menopause
Ballinger, C. (1976) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(76)90015-5 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Factors related to sleep quality in healthy elderly women.
Bliwise, N. G. (1992) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.7.1.83 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Sleep and the reproductive cycle: A review
Mauri, M. (1990) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399339009515911 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of Flurazepam and Zolpidem on the Perception of Sleep in Insomniacs
Mendelson, W. B. (1995) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/18.2.92 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Factors related to sleep quality in healthy elderly women.
Bliwise, N. G. (1992) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.7.1.83 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF CHANGES IN MOOD, SLEEP, AND SEXUAL FUNCTIONING ASSOCIATED WITH MENOPAUSE
Stone, A. B., & Pearlstein, T. B. (1994) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(21)00635-5 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Fry, J. M. (1987) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30885-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) by a special regimen in the years following menopause.
Blum, M., Zacharovitch, D., Pery, J., et al. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 9 · see citing works
And, B. T., & Svärdsudd, K. (1993) · Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care · doi:10.3109/02813439308994917 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gender differences in sleep disorders
Krishnan, V., & Collop, N. A. (2006) · Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.mcp.0000245705.69440.6a · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Sleep, rhythms, and the endocrine brain: influence of sex and gonadal hormones
Mong, J. A., Baker, F. C., Mahoney, M. M., Paul, K. N., Schwartz, M. D., Semba, K., & Silver, R. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4175-11.2011 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Evaluation and management of sleep disturbance during the menopause transition
Joffe, H., Massler, A., & Sharkey, K. (2010) · Seminars in Reproductive Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0030-1262900 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Hachul, H., Bittencourt, L. R. A., Andersen, M. L., Haidar, M. A., Baracat, E. C., & Tufik, S. (2008) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.07.009 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Neurobiological and Hormonal Mechanisms Regulating Women’s Sleep
Dorsey, A., de Lecea, L., & Jennings, K. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.625397 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Non-Pharmacological Treatment of Insomnia
Siebern, A. T., Suh, S., & Nowakowski, S. (2012) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0142-9 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
- Authors
- Montplaisir, J., Lorrain, J., Denesle, R., & Petit, D.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal (CA)
- Venue
- Menopause
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-16
- ISSN
- 1072-3714 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032244710
- Cited by
- 156
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- sleep, menopause, hormone replacement therapy, estrogen, medroxyprogesterone acetate, micronized progesterone, postmenopausal women, sleep efficiency, menopausal symptoms, sleep quality
- MeSH terms
- Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Progesterone, Surveys and Questionnaires, Sleep, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Postmenopause
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
