Gender differences in sleep disorders
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To evaluate recent evidence regarding gender differences in sleep. RECENT FINDINGS: Women have better sleep quality compared with men, with longer sleep times, shorter sleep-onset latency and higher sleep efficiency. Despite this, women have more sleep-related complaints than men. The amount of slow-wave sleep decreases with age in men and women. Normal physiologic periods, including puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, are associated with alterations in sleep patterns. Gender differences in normal sleep may underlie the observed differences in risk of sleep disorders. Studies of insomnia support a female predominance, with increased divergence of prevalence between men and women with older age. Recent findings for the gender differences in obstructive sleep apnea have focused on differences in local neuromuscular reflexes and central ventilatory control. Restless legs syndrome has a slight female predominance, whereas rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder and Kleine-Levin syndrome are more common in men. SUMMARY: Gender differences in sleep become apparent after the onset of puberty. Menstrual cycles, pregnancy, and menopause can alter sleep architecture. Gender-related differences in sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome, include differences in prevalence, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and response to therapy.
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While women normally have longer and better sleep, they also report a higher incidence of sleep disorders.
“Interestingly, while women normally have longer and better sleep, they also report a higher incidence of sleep disorders.99–102”
From Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury on the Orexin/Hypocretin System (2025) · cites this paper as [101]
There is a strong link between gender and sleep both in the structure of sleep and in the incidence of various sleep disorders.
“There is a strong link between gender and sleep both in the structure of sleep as in the incidence of various sleep disorders [32, 33].”
From Association between lunar phase and sleep characteristics (2014) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Krishnan, V., & Collop, N. A.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Collop, Nancy A
- ORCID
- Collop, Nancy A
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
- Published
- 2006-11
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 383-389
- ISSN
- 1070-5287 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2118974330
- Cited by
- 497
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 1.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- gender differences, sleep disorders, sleep quality, insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, REM sleep behavior disorder, Kleine-Levin syndrome, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, menopause, puberty, slow-wave sleep, sleep architecture, sex differences in prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Female, Humans, Male, Menopause, Menstrual Cycle, Pregnancy, Puberty, Sex Factors, Sleep, Sleep Wake Disorders
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