The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Animal-Assisted Therapy on Patients' Anxiety, Fear, and Depression Before ECT
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is associated with reductions in fear, anxiety, and depression in psychiatric patients before electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Before their scheduled ECT treatment, 35 patients were assigned on alternate days to the treatment condition, consisting of a 15-minute AAT session, and the standard (comparison) condition, consisting of 15 minutes with magazines. Visual analogue scales were used to measure anxiety, fear, and depression before and after treatment and standard conditions. RESULTS: The effect of AAT on fear was significant in both the mixed-model, repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (p = 0.0006) and the secondary analysis (p = 0.0050), which covaried out all of the demographic conditions (gender, race, marital status, pet ownership, age), condition order, and the pretest rating. The effect of AAT on anxiety approached significance in the ANCOVA (p = 0.0982), but in the secondary analysis, the effect was not significant (p = 0.6498). The AAT effect on depression was not significant in ANCOVA (p = 0.7665) or in the secondary analysis (p = 0.9394). A least squares mean analysis showed that AAT reduced fear by 37% and anxiety by 18%. There was no demonstrated effect of AAT on depression. CONCLUSIONS: Animal-assisted therapy may have a useful role in psychiatric and medical therapies in which the therapeutic procedure is inherently fear-inducing or has a negative societal perce…
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“Individuals reported lower levels of fear about the upcoming ECT rated on visual analogue scales when they had sessions with the dog.”
From The Benefit of Pets and Animal-Assisted Therapy to the Health of Older Individuals (2014) · cites this paper as [18]
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Beetz, A., Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Julius, H., & Kotrschal, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00234 · Cited by 904
“Similarly, Barker et al. (2003a) investigated self-reported anxiety in psychiatric patients before electroconvulsive therapy.”
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“Other interventions, such as animal-assisted therapy, appeared to have beneficial effects on mood, and increased social interaction and communication in people with dementia [33-35].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Barker, S. B., Pandurangi, A. K., & Best, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Barker, Sandra B.
- Venue
- The Journal of ECT
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 38-44
- ISSN
- 1095-0680 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076880399
- Cited by
- 231
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 7.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Ect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Electroconvulsive Therapy Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- animal-assisted therapy, electroconvulsive therapy, pre-treatment anxiety, fear, depression, psychiatric patients, preprocedural anxiety, human-animal interaction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Anxiety, Human-Animal Bond, Depression, Dogs, Electroconvulsive Therapy, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Cross-Over Studies
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