Strategies for improving adherence to second generation antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia by increasing ease of use
Abstract
Despite the advances in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia that have occurred since the introduction of the second-generation (atypical) antipsychotic agents, a leading cause of suboptimal outcome is poor patient adherence to oral medication. Partial adherence can be attributed to a number of factors, including lack of insight, cognitive dysfunction, a complicated treatment regimen, drug-related side effects, patient attitude, lack of patient education, and cultural factors. A number of strategies, including psychosocial interventions, cognitive-behavioral techniques, strategies that minimize side effects, and pharmacological approaches that increase ease of medication use, can be employed to support adherence and improve long-term outcomes. This article focuses on strategies for increasing ease of use of antipsychotics in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. These strategies include using monotherapy rather than polypharmacy, simplifying the medication regimen, and using a long-acting antipsychotic formulation. The goal of these strategies is to improve adherence and help prevent relapse by ensuring continuous antipsychotic coverage. Strategies that optimize ease of use of medication treatment for schizophrenia and thus improve adherence to treatment are likely to promote the attainment of new treatment goals and improved patient outcomes.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The severity of cognitive impairment predicts poorer treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia.
“The severity of cognitive impairment predicts poorer treatment adherence6,7”
From Clinical trials of potential cognitive-enhancing drugs in schizophrenia: what have we learned so far? (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
Cites
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716 · see citing works
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033 · see citing works
The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia.
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/13.2.261 · Cited by 21,378 · see citing works
Effectiveness of Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia
Lieberman, J. A., Stroup, T. S., McEvoy, J. P., Swartz, M. S., Rosenheck, R. A., Perkins, D. O., Keefe, R. S. E., Davis, S. M., Davis, C. E., Lebowitz, B. D., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa051688 · Cited by 5,892 · see citing works
Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes
American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, & North American Association for the Study of Obesity (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.2.596 · Cited by 1,554 · see citing works
Discovering the Neural Basis of Human Social Anxiety: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Imperative
Charney, D. S. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.1.1 · Cited by 1,428 · see citing works
Meltzer, H. Y. (2003) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.60.1.82 · Cited by 1,393 · see citing works
Robinson, D., Woerner, M. G., Alvir, J. M. J., Bilder, R., Goldman, R., Geisler, S., Koreen, A., Sheitman, B., Chakos, M., Mayerhoff, D., et al. (1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.3.241 · Cited by 1,327 · see citing works
Consensus Development Conference on Antipsychotic Drugs and Obesity and Diabetes
Boehm, G., Racoosin, J. A., LAUGHREN, T. P., & Katz, R. G. (2004) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.27.8.2088-a · Cited by 1,204 · see citing works
Tollefson, G. D., Beasley, C. M., Tran, P. V., Street, J. S., Krueger, J. A., Tamura, R., Graffeo, K. A., & Thieme, M. E. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.4.457 · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Neuroleptics and the Natural Course of Schizophrenia
Wyatt, R. J. (1991) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/17.2.325 · Cited by 787 · see citing works
(2000) · PubMed · Cited by 685 · see citing works
Weiden, P. J., Kozma, C., Grogg, A., & Locklear, J. (2004) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.8.886 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Csernansky, J. G., Mahmoud, R., & Brenner, R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa002028 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Leucht, S., Barnes, T. R. E., Kissling, W., Engel, R. R., Correll, C. U., & Kane, J. M. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.7.1209 · Cited by 518 · see citing works
Kane, J. M., Eerdekens, M., Lindenmayer, J., Keith, S. J., Lesem, M. D., & Karcher, K. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.6.1125 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Overview of patient compliance with medication dosing: a literature review.
Rn, G. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Guidelines for depot antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia
Kane, J. M., Aguglia, E., Altamura, A. C., Gutiérrez, J. L., Brunello, N., Fleischhacker, W. W., Gaebel, W., Gerlach, J., Guelfi, J.-D., Kissling, W., et al. (1998) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0924-977x(97)00045-x · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Kasper, S. F., Lerman, M. N., McQuade, R. D., Saha, A. R., Carson, W. H., Ali, M. W., Archibald, D., Ingenito, G. G., Marcus, R. N., & Pigott, T. A. (2003) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145703003651 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Davis, J. M., Metalon, L., Watanabe, M. D., & Blake, L. M. (1994) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199447050-00004 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Treatment of Schizophrenia With Long-Acting Injectable Risperidone
Fleischhacker, W. W., Eerdekens, M., Karcher, K., Remington, G. J., Llorca, P., Chrzanowski, W., Martin, S. D., & Gefvert, O. (2003) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v64n1017 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
A two-year prospective study of treatment compliance in patients with schizophrenia
Buchanan, A. W. (1992) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700038228 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Sulpiride augmentation in people with schizophrenia partially responsive to clozapine
Shiloh, R., Zemishlany, Z., Aizenberg, D., et al. (1997) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.171.6.569 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Drug Refusal in Schizophrenia and the Wish to Be Crazy
Putten, T. V. (1976) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770120047004 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Drug Defaulting in a General Practice
Porter, A. M. W. (1969) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5638.218 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Centorrino, F., Gören, J. L., Hennen, J. A., Salvatore, P., Kelleher, J. P., & Baldessarini, R. J. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.4.700 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Voruganti, L. N. P., Cortese, L., Oyewumi, L. K., Cernovsky, Z., Zirul, S., & Awad, A. G. (2000) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(99)00154-1 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Lieberman, J. A., Koreen, A., Chakos, M., Sheitman, B., Woerner, M. G., Alvir, J. M. J., & Bilder, R. M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Management of the Adverse Effects of Clozapine
Young, C. R., Bowers, M. B., & Mazure, C. M. (1998) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033333 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Intermittent vs Maintenance Medication in Schizophrenia
Herz, M. I. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810280049007 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Factors influencing relapse in the long-term course of schizophrenia
Ayuso-Gutiérrez, J. L., & Vega, J. M. D. R. (1997) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00131-x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Carpenter, W. T., Hanlon, T. E., Heinrichs, D. W., Summerfelt, A. T., Kirkpatrick, B., Levine, J. A., & Buchanan, R. W. (1990) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.147.9.1138 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Systematic review of patient and nurse attitudes to depot antipsychotic medication
Walburn, J., Gray, R. J., Gournay, K., Quraishi, S. N., & David, A. S. (2001) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.179.4.300 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Jeste, S., Patterson, T. L., Palmer, B. W., Dolder, C. R., Goldman, S., & Jeste, D. V. (2002) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00314-6 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Azorin, J., Spiegel, R., Remington, G. J., Vanelle, J. M., Péré, J.-J., Giguere, M., & Bourdeix, I. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.8.1305 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Clozapine: Efficacy and Safety
Buchanan, R. W. (1995) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/21.4.579 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of long-acting risperidone in schizophrenia
Eerdekens, M., Hove, I. V., Remmerie, B. M. M., & Mannaert, E. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.11.001 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
McGrath, J. J., Scheldt, S., Welham, J., & Clair, A. (1997) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00070-4 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
A 28-Week Comparison of Ziprasidone and Haloperidol in Outpatients With Stable Schizophrenia
Hirsch, S. R., Kissling, W., Bäuml, J., Power, A., & O'Connor, R. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v63n0609 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Atypical antipsychotic drugs and long-term outcome in schizophrenia.
Weiden, P. J., Aquila, R., & Standard, J. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Relapse and rehospitalization: comparing oral and depot antipsychotics.
Schooler, N. R. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Compliance as a Determinant of Serum Digoxin Concentration
WEINTRAUB, M. I., Au, W. Y. W., & Lasagna, L. C. (1973) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1973.03220170013003 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Donohoe, G. J., Owens, N., O’Donnell, C. P., Burke, T., Moore, L., Tobin, A., & O’Callaghan, E. (2001) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0924-9338(01)00581-8 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
ller, H.-J. R. M., Llorca, P., Sacchetti, E., Martin, S. D., Medori, R., & Parellada, E. (2005) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/00004850-200505000-00001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Psychiatrists' attitudes to maintenance medication for patients with schizophrenia
Patel, M. X., Nikolaou, V., & David, A. S. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006797 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Menzin, J., Boulanger, L., Friedman, M., et al. (2003) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.54.5.719 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Rabinowitz, J., Lichtenberg, P., Kaplan, Z., et al. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.2.266 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Cognitive effects of atypical antipsychotics: focus on bipolar spectrum disorders
MacQUEEN, G. M., & Young, T. (2003) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-2406.2003.00059.x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Adherence Assessments and the Use of Depot Antipsychotics in Patients With Schizophrenia
Valenstein, M. M., Copeland, L. A., Owen, R. R., Blow, F. C., & Visnic, S. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n07a08 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Fleischhacker, W. W., Rabinowitz, J., Kemmler, G., Eerdekens, M., & Mehnert, A. (2005) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.187.2.131 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Harvey, P. D., Meltzer, H. Y., Simpson, G. M., Potkin, S. G., Loebel, A. D., SIU, C. O., & Romano, S. J. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.07.009 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Nasrallah, H. A., Duchesne, I., Mehnert, A., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0412 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Extrapyramidal side effects of antipsychotic treatment: scope of problem and impact on outcome.
Tandon, R., & Jibson, M. D. (2002) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.1023/a:1016811222688 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Injections of Depot Antipsychotic Medications in Patients Suffering From Schizophrenia
Bloch, Y., Mendlovic, S., Strupinsky, S., et al. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v62n1104 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Habitual prospective memory in schizophrenia
Elvevåg, B., Maylor, E. A., & Gilbert, A. L. (2003) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-3-9 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lasser, R. A., Bossie, C. A., Gharabawi, G. M., & Turner, M. (2004) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2003.11.007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Dossenbach, M., Erol, A., Kessaci, M. E. M., Shaheen, M. O., Sunbol, M. M., Boland, J., Hodge, A., O'Halloran, R. A., Bitter, I., & IC-SOHO Study Group (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v65n0305 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Extrapyramidal Side Effects of Antipsychotic Treatment: Scope of Problem and Impact on Outcome
Tandon, R., & Jibson, M. D. (2002) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10401230209149099 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Keith, S. J., Pani, L., Nick, B., Emsley, R. A., San, L., Turner, M., Conley, R. R., Scully, P. J., Chue, P. S., & Lachaux, B. (2004) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.997 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Buckley, P. F. (2004) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1185/030079904125004510 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Barak, Y., Mirecki, I., Knobler, H. Y., Natan, Z., & Aizenberg, D. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1801-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lasser, R. A., Bossie, C. A., Gharabawi, G. M., et al. (2005) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145705005225 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Aripiprazole, a Novel Atypical Antipsychotic Drug
Argo, T. R., Carnahan, R. M., & Perry, P. J. (2004) · Pharmacotherapy The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy · doi:10.1592/phco.24.2.212.33145 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Evidence-based treatment for schizophrenia
Lehman, A. F., Buchanan, R. W., Dickerson, F., Dixon, L. B., Goldberg, R. W., Green-Paden, L. D., & Kreyenbuhl, J. A. (2003) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00070-4 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Risperidone versus Conventional Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia and???Schizoaffective Disorder
Mahmoud, R. A., Engelhart, L., Janagap, C. C., Oster, G., & Ollendorf, D. (2004) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.2165/00044011-200424050-00004 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
van Os, J., Bossie, C. A., & Lasser, R. A. (2004) · International Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.yic.0000122861.35081.16 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Efficacy and safety of long-acting risperidone in stable patients with schizoaffective disorder
Lasser, R. A., Bossie, C. A., Gharabawi, G. M., Eerdekens, M., & Nasrallah, H. A. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.05.008 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Schizophrenia: Improving Outcome
Bustillo, J., Lauriello, J., & Keith, S. J. (1999) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/10673229909000335 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cost-Effectiveness Model Of Long-Acting Risperidone in Schizophrenia in the US
Edwards, N. C., Rupnow, M. F. T., Pashos, C. L., Botteman, M. F., & Diamond, R. J. (2005) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.2165/00019053-200523030-00009 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Patterns of Antipsychotic Utilization in a Tertiary Care Psychiatric Institution
Procyshyn, R. M., & Thompson, B. (2004) · Pharmacopsychiatry · doi:10.1055/s-2004-815469 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Strategies for increasing treatment compliance: The role of long-acting antipsychotics
Love, R. C. (2002) · American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy · doi:10.1093/ajhp/59.suppl_8.s10 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The use of drug monotherapy in psychiatric inpatient treatment
Rittmannsberger, H. (2002) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(01)00306-2 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Minimizing the non‐extrapyramidal side‐effects of antipsychotics
Keks, N. A. (1996) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb05944.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Drug Refusal in Schizophrenia: Causes and Prescribing Hints
Putten, T. V. (1978) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.29.2.110 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Antipsychotic Polypharmacy: Is There Evidence for its Use?
Patrick, V., Levin, E., & Schleifer, S. J. (2005) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/00131746-200507000-00005 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Suzuki, T., Uchida, H., Watanabe, K., Yagi, G., & Kashima, H. (2003) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2003.11.006 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Rethinking Medication Prescribing Practices in an Inner-City Hispanic Mental Health Clinic
Opler, L. A., RAMIREZ, P. M., DOMINGUEZ, L. M., FOX, M. S., & Johnson, P. B. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Practice · doi:10.1097/00131746-200403000-00009 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Hyperprolactinemia and Male Sexual Dysfunction
Dickson, R. A., & Glazer, W. M. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v60n0210g · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A low-cost, telephone intervention to enhance schizophrenia treatment: a demonstration study
Salzer, M. S., Tunner, T. P., & Charney, N. J. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00483-8 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Patient requests and attitude towards neuroleptics
Hoencamp, E., Knegtering, H., Kooy, U. S., et al. (1995) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039489509099720 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Combined use of Amisulpride and Clozapine for Patients with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia
Cook, B., & Hoogenboom, G. (2004) · Australasian Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1039-8562.2003.02064.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Bingefors, K., Isacson, D. G. L., & Lindström, E. (2003) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480307280 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
[Psychological aspects of depot treatment of schizophrenic syndromes].
Jacobsson, L. H., & Odling, H. (1980) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Melperon premedication for cataract surgery
OlKKONEN, M. (1994) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1994.tb03875.x · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
DiBonaventura, M., Gabriel, S., Dupclay, L., Gupta, S., & Kim, E. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-20 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Life and treatment goals of individuals hospitalized for first-episode nonaffective psychosis
Ramsay, C. E., Broussard, B., Goulding, S. M., Cristofaro, S., Hall, D., Kaslow, N. J., Killackey, E., Penn, D., & Compton, M. T. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.05.039 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Keefe, R. S. E., Buchanan, R. W., Marder, S. R., Schooler, N. R., Dugar, A., Zivkov, M., & Stewart, M. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr153 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
- Authors
- BURTON, S. C.
- Corresponding author
- BURTON, SIMON C.
- Venue
- Journal of Psychiatric Practice
- Published
- 2005-11
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 369-378
- ISSN
- 1527-4160 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-1145
- OpenAlex
- W1970035799
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Psychiatric Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- medication adherence, atypical antipsychotics, schizophrenia, ease of use, long-acting injectable antipsychotics, polypharmacy, medication regimen simplification, relapse prevention, antipsychotic adverse effects, cognitive-behavioral intervention, psychosocial interventions
- MeSH terms
- Delayed-Action Preparations, Goals, Humans, Injections, Patient Compliance, Prognosis, Schizophrenia, Antipsychotic Agents, Health Behavior, Treatment Outcome, Polypharmacy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review