Gut-derived signaling molecules and vagal afferents in the control of glucose and energy homeostasis
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The control of glucose and energy homeostasis, including feeding behaviour, is tightly regulated by gut-derived peptidic and nonpeptidic endocrine mediators, autonomic nervous signals, as well as nutrients such as glucose. We will review recent findings on the role of the gastrointestinal tract innervation and of portal vein glucose sensors; we will review selected data on the action of gastrointestinally released hormones. RECENT FINDINGS: The involvement of mechanosensory vagal afferents in postprandial meal termination has been clarified using mouse models with selective impairments of genes required for development of mechanosensory fibres. These activate central glucogen-like peptide-1/glucogen-like peptide-2 containing ascending pathways linking the visceroceptive brainstem neurons to hypothalamic nuclei. Mucosal terminals comprise the chemosensory vagal afferents responsive to postprandially released gastrointestinal hormones. The mechanism by which the hepatoportal glucose sensor stimulates glucose utilization by muscles was demonstrated, using genetically modified mice, to be insulin-independent but to require GLUT4 and AMP-kinase. This sensor is a key site of glucogen-like peptide-1 action and plays a critical role in triggering first phase insulin secretion. PeptideYY and ghrelin target intracerebral receptors as they are bidirectionally transported across the blood brain barrier. The anorectic functions of peripherally released peptideYY may however be mediated both via vagal afferents and intracerebral Y2 receptors in the brainstem and arcuate nucleus. SUMMARY: These recent findings demonstrate that the use of improved anatomical and physiological techniques and animal models with targeted gene modifications lead to an improved understanding of the complex role of gastrointestinal signals in the control of energy homeostasis.
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In the fasting and in the feeding situation, the vagus nerve is responsible for energy storage.
“Thus, in the fasting and in the feeding situation, the vagus nerve is responsible for energy storage.”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [39]
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“In the fasting situation, vagal afferents are important in transferring hepatoportal information on low blood glucose and low levels of other nutrients to the dorsal vagal complex, leading to hunger signals, inhibition of sympathetic activation, inhibition of efferent vagal activation, hypometabolism, and hypothermia…”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Thorens, B., & Larsen, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Lausanne (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Thorens, Bernard
- ORCID
- Thorens, Bernard
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2004-07
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 471-478
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055863854
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Keywords
- gut-brain signaling, vagal afferents, glucose homeostasis, energy homeostasis, glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide-2, insulin secretion, GLUT4, AMP kinase, peptide YY, ghrelin, feeding behaviour, visceral innervation, gastrointestinal hormones
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Appetite Regulation, Digestive System, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Eating, Energy Metabolism, Feeding Behavior, Glucose, Humans, Neuropeptides, Vagus Nerve, Signal Transduction
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