Comorbidity of Medical Illnesses Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness Who Are Receiving Community Psychiatric Services
Abstract
We studied the medical comorbidity among individuals with serious mental illness who were receiving community-based psychiatric treatment. A total of 200 psychiatric outpatients divided between those with schizophrenia and affective disorder diagnoses were recruited from samples receiving outpatient care at two psychiatric centers. Interviews used questions from national health surveys. Logistic regression analyses compared responses from each sample with those of matched subsets of individuals from the general population. Both patient groups had greater odds of having many medical conditions. The odds of respiratory illnesses remained elevated in the patient groups even after controlling for smoking, as did the odds of diabetes in the affective disorder group after controlling for weight. Persons with serious mental illness who are in outpatient care are more likely to have comorbid medical conditions than persons in the general population. The odds of diabetes, lung diseases, and liver problems are particularly elevated. These findings underscore the need for intensified preventive health interventions and medical services for this population.
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In a study of 200 outpatients in the US, 15% of those with schizophrenia and 25% of those with bipolar disorder had chronic bronchitis, and 16% of people with schizophrenia and 19% of people with bipolar disorder had asthma.
“In a study of 200 outpatients in the US, 15% of those with schizophrenia and 25% of those with bipolar disorder had chronic bronchitis, and 16% of people with schizophrenia and 19% of people with bipolar disorder had asthma.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [430]
The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (chronic bronchitis and emphysema) is significantly higher among those with SMI than comparison subjects.
“The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, i.e. chronic bronchitis and emphysema, is significantly higher among those with SMI than comparison subjects (429-433).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [430]
Even when smoking was controlled for as a confounder, both people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were more likely to suffer from emphysema.
“The authors also found that, even when smoking was controlled for as a confounder, both people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were more likely to suffer from emphysema (430).”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [430]
These rates of chronic bronchitis and asthma were significantly higher than those of matched controls from the general population.
“These rates were significantly higher than those of the matched controls from the general population.”
From Physical illness in patients with severe mental disorders. I. Prevalence, impact of medications and disparities in health care (2011) · cites this paper as [430]
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- Authors
- Sokal, J., Messias, E., Dickerson, F. B., Kreyenbuhl, J., Brown, C. H., Goldberg, R. W., & Dixon, L. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Sheppard Pratt Health System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sokal, Joseph
- Kreyenbuhl, Julie
- Goldberg, Richard W.
- Dixon, Lisa B.
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 192
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 421-427
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990250378
- Cited by
- 320
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 25.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH066009)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Keywords
- comorbidities, severe mental illness, schizophrenia, mood disorders, community mental health services, psychiatric outpatients, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, lung disease, preventive health measures, smoking, body weight
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Ambulatory Care, Mental Disorders, Chronic Disease, Community Mental Health Services, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schizophrenia, Smoking, United States, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Health Care Surveys
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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