Cited by 383Hormonal and reproductive studiesTreatment of Major DepressionStress Responses and Cortisol

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Testosterone and Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Zarrouf, Fahd Aziz, Artz, Steven, Griffith, James, Sirbu, Cristian, Kommor, Martin·2009·Journal of Psychiatric Practice

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies suggest that testosterone (TT) replacement may have an antidepressant effect in depressed patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the effect of TT administration on depression using both a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis. METHODOLOGY: A search was conducted of MEDLINE, the Clinical Trials Registry, and Cochrane Central for English-language publications concerning randomized, placebo-controlled trials involving use of TT therapy in depressed patients. We searched for additional trials in the individual reference lists of the articles identified in the search. A study was judged to be relevant for inclusion in this review and meta-analysis if it reported original data from a controlled trial comparing use of TT and placebo in patients diagnosed with a depressive disorder according to DSM criteria, and the treatment response was evaluated according to changes on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). We extracted the following data from the identified studies: study source, total number of participants in the study and in each treatment group, participants' ages, number of participants with a diagnosis of hypogonadism or HIV/AIDS, study duration, type of intervention, and change in HAM-D scores in the groups receiving TT versus placebo. The meta-analysis evaluated the effect of TT replacement on response in depressed patients as measured by change in HAM-D scores in the available placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trails. RESULTS: Seven studies (N=364) were identified that included a placebo-control group in a double-blind design. Eligibility criteria were clearly reported in all trials. Meta-analysis of the data from these seven studies showed a significant positive effect of TT therapy on HAM-D response in depressed patients when compared with placebo (z=4.04, P<0.0001). Subgroup analysis also showed a significant response in the subpopulations with hypogonadism (z=3.84, P=0.0001) and HIV/AIDS (z=3.33, P=0.0009) as well as in patients treated with TT gel (z=2.32, P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: TT may have an antidepressant effect in depressed patients, especially those with hypogonadism or HIV/AIDS and elderly subpopulations. The route by which TT is administered may play a role in treatment response.

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Authors: Zarrouf, F. A., Artz, S., Griffith, J., Sirbu, C., & Kommor, M.
Affiliations: West Virginia University (US)
Corresponding author: Zarrouf, Fahd Aziz
ORCID: Sirbu, Cristian
Venue: Journal of Psychiatric Practice
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2009-07
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Pages: 289-305
ISSN: 1527-4160 (ISSN-L)
1538-1145
DOI: 10.1097/01.pra.0000358315.88931.fc
OpenAlex: W2072447154
Cited by: 383
References: 141
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 2.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Psychiatric Practice (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords: testosterone replacement therapy, depression, antidepressant effects, hypogonadism, HIV/AIDS, testosterone gel, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, elderly patients, route of administration
MeSH terms: Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Hypogonadism, Male, Quality of Life, Registries, Sexual Behavior, Testosterone, Hormone Replacement Therapy, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Testosterone and Depression: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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