The DOI matches its Crossref record; 59 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Disordered Sleep, Nocturnal Cytokines, and Immunity in Alcoholics
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Alcoholics who are at risk for infectious disease show profound disturbances of sleep along with decrements of cellular immunity. This study examined the relationships between sleep, nocturnal expression of immunoregulatory cytokines, and natural killer (NK) cell activity in alcoholic patients as compared with control subjects. METHODS: Alcoholic patients (N = 24) and comparison control subjects (N = 23) underwent all-night polysomnography and serial blood sampling at 23:00, 03:00, and 06:30 hours. Stimulated expression of T(H)1 (interferon gamma, IFN-gamma), anti-inflammatory/T(H)2 (interleukin 10, IL-10), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6) was measured along with NK cell activity across the night. RESULTS: Alcoholic patients showed lower levels of IL-6 production, suppression of the IL-6/IL-10 ratio, and a reduction of NK cell activity, coupled with losses of delta sleep and increases of rapid eye movement sleep, as compared with control subjects. In addition, alcoholics showed a persistent low ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-10 and reduced levels of NK cell activity, whereas controls had increases of these two immune measures across the night. IL-6 also differentially changed in the two groups; alcoholics showed increases and controls had decreases of IL-6 from 03:00 hours to 06:30 hours. At 06:30 hours, rapid eye movement sleep predicted increases of IL-6 and decreases of NK cell activity independent of the relative contribution of age and chronic alcohol consumption. At 23:00 hours before sleep onset, levels of IL-10 predicted subsequent amounts of delta sleep. CONCLUSIONS: These data further implicate sleep in the regulation of immune function and suggest that disordered sleep contributes to immune alterations in patients with chronic alcoholism. Moreover, the association between awake levels of the anti-inflammatory/T(H)2 cytokine IL-10 and subsequent amounts of delta sleep support the notion of a bidirectional interplay between cytokines and sleep in humans.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Such a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance has been also observed for alcohol dependence-associated sleep changes (462) and in response to experimental sleep deficiency (24, 320), and may explain lower vaccine efficacy and increased infection risk in the context of sleep deficiency”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [462]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Rechtschaffen, A. (1968) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,772
Mosmann, T. R., & Coffman, R. L. (1989) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.07.040189.001045 · Cited by 7,692
NATURAL KILLER CELLS IN ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE: Function and Regulation by Innate Cytokines
Biron, C. A., Nguyen, K. B., Pien, G. C., Cousens, L. P., & Salazar‐Mather, T. P. (1999) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.189 · Cited by 2,136
Bucholz, K. K., Cadoret, R. J., Cloninger, C. R., Dinwiddie, S. H., HESSELBROCK, V. M., Nürnberger, J. I., Reich, T., Schmidt, I., & Schuckit, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1994.55.149 · Cited by 1,747
Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders: A Meta-analysis
Benca, R. M. (1992) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1992.01820080059010 · Cited by 1,468
INDUCTION OF TH1 AND TH2 CD4+T CELL RESPONSES:The Alternative Approaches
Constant, S. L., & Bottomly, K. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.297 · Cited by 1,457
The Pathophysiologic Roles of Interleukin-6 in Human Disease
Papanicolaou, D. A., Wilder, R. L., Manolagas, S. C., & Chrousos, G. P. (1998) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-128-2-199801150-00009 · Cited by 1,146
Vgontzas, A. N., Papanicolaou, D. A., Bixler, E. O., Kales, A., Tyson, K., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.5.3950 · Cited by 974
Effects of sleep and circadian rhythm on human circulating immune cells
Born, J., Lange, T., Hansen, K., Mölle, M., & Fehm, H. L. (1997) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.158.9.4454 · Cited by 611
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- Cook, 1998, Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 22, 1927
- Mendenhall, 1993, Am J Gastroenterol, 88, 1022
- Redwine, 2000, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 3597
- Benca, 1997, Sleep, 20, 1027
- Opp, 1991, Am J Physiol, 260, R52
- Späth-Schwalbe, 1998, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, 1573
- Charpentier, 1984, Clin Exp Immunol, 58, 107
- Irwin, 1992, Psychosom Med, 54, 10, 10.1097/00006842-199201000-00002 · DOI
- Irwin, 1999, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 1979
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–109 of 109
Sleep and Immune Correlates: Translational Research in Clinical Populations
Motivala, S. J., & Irwin, M. R. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69146-6_10
Self-citationFecht, A. (2008) · Elektronische Hochschulschriften der LMU München (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.8612
Nosetti, L. M., & Nespoli, L. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69146-6_16
The effects of alcohol on sleep in rats
Mukherjee, S. (2008) · doi:10.7273/000005813
Kompanets, I. V., Stepanets, I. O., Войтенко, В. В., Гребіник, Д. М., & Остапченко, Л. І. (2014) · Fìzìologìčnij žurnal · doi:10.15407/fz60.02.025
Neuroimmunology of Pregnancy-Related Sleep Disturbances
Okun, M. L., & Coussons‐Read, M. E. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-69146-6_12
Hall, M. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_839
Self-citationPrather, A. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-13954-3.00042-5
Clocking immunity: circadian modulation of NK cells and emerging timing perspectives
Liu, K., Lv, X., & Wen, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1739723
Metadata
- Authors
- Redwine, L., Dang, J., Hall, M., & Irwin, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-85
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972748441
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa010215-02)
- U.S. Public Health Service (5T32-18399)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA13239, AA10215, R01AA013239)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH030914, 2P30-MH-30914)
- National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- chronic alcoholism, sleep disorders, NK cell cytotoxicity, interleukin-6, IL-10, interferon-gamma, delta sleep, REM sleep, cell-mediated immunity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Circadian Rhythm, Concanavalin A, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Interferon-gamma, Killer Cells, Natural, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep Stages, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin-10, Polysomnography, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Black People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review