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Disordered Sleep, Nocturnal Cytokines, and Immunity in Alcoholics
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Alcoholics who are at risk for infectious disease show profound disturbances of sleep along with decrements of cellular immunity. This study examined the relationships between sleep, nocturnal expression of immunoregulatory cytokines, and natural killer (NK) cell activity in alcoholic patients as compared with control subjects. METHODS: Alcoholic patients (N = 24) and comparison control subjects (N = 23) underwent all-night polysomnography and serial blood sampling at 23:00, 03:00, and 06:30 hours. Stimulated expression of T(H)1 (interferon gamma, IFN-gamma), anti-inflammatory/T(H)2 (interleukin 10, IL-10), and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6) was measured along with NK cell activity across the night. RESULTS: Alcoholic patients showed lower levels of IL-6 production, suppression of the IL-6/IL-10 ratio, and a reduction of NK cell activity, coupled with losses of delta sleep and increases of rapid eye movement sleep, as compared with control subjects. In addition, alcoholics showed a persistent low ratio of IFN-gamma/IL-10 and reduced levels of NK cell activity, whereas controls had increases of these two immune measures across the night. IL-6 also differentially changed in the two groups; alcoholics showed increases and controls had decreases of IL-6 from 03:00 hours to 06:30 hours. At 06:30 hours, rapid eye movement sleep predicted increases of IL-6 and decreases of NK cell activity independent of the relative contribution of age and chronic alcohol consumption. At 23:00 hours before sleep onset, levels of IL-10 predicted subsequent amounts of delta sleep. CONCLUSIONS: These data further implicate sleep in the regulation of immune function and suggest that disordered sleep contributes to immune alterations in patients with chronic alcoholism. Moreover, the association between awake levels of the anti-inflammatory/T(H)2 cytokine IL-10 and subsequent amounts of delta sleep support the notion of a bidirectional interplay between cytokines and sleep in humans.
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“Such a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance has been also observed for alcohol dependence-associated sleep changes (462) and in response to experimental sleep deficiency (24, 320), and may explain lower vaccine efficacy and increased infection risk in the context of sleep deficiency”
From The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease (2019) · cites this paper as [462]
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“Finally, nocturnal sleep favors a shift toward Th1 (predominance of IFN-γ), with a peak around 03:00 h (Petrovsky & Harrison 1997) or even at 06:30 h (Redwine et al. 2003), along with a reduction in production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by monocytes (Lange et al. 2006b).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Redwine, L., Dang, J., Hall, M., & Irwin, M.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 75-85
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1972748441
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa010215-02)
- U.S. Public Health Service (5T32-18399)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA13239, AA10215, R01AA013239)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P30MH030914, 2P30-MH-30914)
- National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- chronic alcoholism, sleep disorders, NK cell cytotoxicity, interleukin-6, IL-10, interferon-gamma, delta sleep, REM sleep, cell-mediated immunity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Alcoholism, Circadian Rhythm, Concanavalin A, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Disease Susceptibility, Humans, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Interferon-gamma, Killer Cells, Natural, Lymphocyte Activation, Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep Stages, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Interleukin-10, Polysomnography, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Black People
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