Risk of depression and anxiety in employees with chronic bronchitis: the modifying effect of cigarette smoking
Abstract
Objective The present study evaluates whether smoking status modifies the association between chronic bronchitis and depression or anxiety in a population-based sample. Furthermore, we tested whether these associations are different in people without any respiratory complaints and those with asthma. Methods For this study, we used cross-sectional data form the Maastricht Cohort Study, a population-based cohort study among Dutch employees. Results In total, 7482 employees completed and returned the questionnaire (92.7%). In employees with chronic bronchitis, the prevalence of depression and anxiety was significantly higher compared with healthy employees and employees with asthma. Results indicate that the odds of having comorbid depression or anxiety for employees with chronic bronchitis compared with healthy employees is highest in current and past smokers, indicating that smoking status modifies this association. Conclusion Chronic bronchitis is strongly associated with depression and anxiety. Because depression and/or anxiety may not only interfere with an attempt to stop smoking but also contribute significantly to experiencing low quality of life, it is important to consider these disorders and chronic bronchitis as different disease entities. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association among chronic bronchitis, psychiatric disorders, and cigarette smoking.
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In stable COPD, the prevalence of anxiety ranges between 10% and 19%.
“In stable COPD, the prevalence of clinical depression ranges between 10% and 42%, while that of anxiety ranges between 10% and 19% (Table 2).6–25”
From Anxiety and Depression in COPD (2008) · cites this paper as [8]
In stable COPD, the prevalence of clinical depression ranges between 10% and 42%.
“In stable COPD, the prevalence of clinical depression ranges between 10% and 42%, while that of anxiety ranges between 10% and 19% (Table 2).6–25”
From Anxiety and Depression in COPD (2008) · cites this paper as [8]
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Anxiety and Depression in COPD
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- Authors
- Wagena, E. J., Kant, I., van Amelsvoort, L. G. P. M., Wouters, E. F. M., van Schayck, C. P., & Swaen, G. M. H.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Wagena, Edwin J.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 729-734
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011055269
- Cited by
- 42
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 0.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- chronic bronchitis, depression, anxiety, cigarette smoking, asthma, psychiatric comorbidity, occupational health, workers, quality of life
- MeSH terms
- Absenteeism, Smoking Prevention, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Asthma, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Smoking, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Odds Ratio, Occupational Health, Smoking Cessation, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Bronchitis, Chronic
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