Heavy Smokers, Smoking Cessation, and Clonidine: Results of a Double-blind, Randomized Trial
Abstract
Seventy-one heavy smokers who had failed in previous attempts to stop smoking participated in a randomized clinical trial to test the efficacy of clonidine as an aid in smoking cessation. The success rate in clonidine-treated subjects (verified by serum cotinine concentration) was more than twice that in the placebo-treated subjects. When the data were stratified by gender, a strong effect present in women was not apparent in men. After six months, cessation rates remained significantly higher among smokers treated with clonidine than those receiving placebo. The data also revealed an unexpectedly high prevalence (61%) of a history of major depression in this sample and a significant negative effect of such a history on cessation regardless of treatment. These findings, highly suggestive of an important role of clonidine in smoking cessation, warrant further studies to establish the long-term (greater than or equal to 12 months) efficacy of this drug and to replicate the association between nicotine dependence and depression.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A majority of smokers enrolled in smoking cessation programs have a history of depressive episodes.
“a majority of smokers enrolled in smoking cessation programs have a history of depressive episodes (Dalack, Glassman, Rivelli, Covey, & Stetner, 1995; Glassman et al., 1988; Lerman et al., 1996)”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Glassman et al., 1988
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence
Anderson, J. E., Jorenby, D. E., Scott, W. J., & Fiore, M. C. (2002) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.121.3.932 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Smoking, smoking cessation, and major depression
Glassman, A. H. (1990) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1990.03450120058029 · Cited by 1,207 · see citing works
Self-citationPharmacologic Aspects of Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Addiction
Oates, J. A., Wood, A. J. J., & Benowitz, N. L. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198811173192005 · Cited by 963 · see citing works
Neuronal nicotinic receptors in the human brain
Paterson, D., & Nordberg, A. K. (2000) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(99)00045-3 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Smoking and Major Depression: A Causal Analysis
Kendler, K. S. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820130038007 · Cited by 792 · see citing works
Neurobiological similarities in depression and drug dependence: a self-medication hypothesis
Markou, A. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00113-9 · Cited by 767 · see citing works
Cigarette smoking: implications for psychiatric illness
(1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.4.546 · Cited by 723 · see citing works
Self-citationMajor Depression and Stages of Smoking
Breslau, N., Peterson, E. L., Schultz, L. R., Chilcoat, H. D., & Andreski, P. M. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.2.161 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
Nicotine dependence, major depression, and anxiety in young adults
Breslau, N. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810360033005 · Cited by 634 · see citing works
Co‐Morbidity of Smoking in Patients with Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders
Kalman, D., Morissette, S. B., & George, T. P. (2005) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490590924728 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
ADHD is associated with early initiation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents.
Milberger, S., Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Chen, L., & Jones, J. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199701000-00015 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Interventions Intended to Help People Stop Smoking
Law, M. (1995) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1995.00430180025004 · Cited by 461 · see citing works
A population-based twin study in women of smoking initiation and nicotine dependence
Kendler, K. S., Neale, M. C., Sullivan, P. F., Corey, L. A., GARDNER, C. O., & Prescott, C. A. (1999) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798008022 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Nicotine Dependence and Major Depression: New Evidence From a Prospective Investigation
Breslau, N. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820130033006 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction: acute positive reinforcement and withdrawal
S. Watkins, G. F. K. (2000) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200050011277 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
Sex differences in nicotine effects and self-administration: Review of human and animal evidence
Perkins, K. A., Donny, E. C., & Caggiula, A. R. (1999) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622299050011431 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Psychiatric comorbidity of smoking and nicotine dependence
Breslau, N. (1995) · Behavior Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf02196920 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
“Glassman et al. (1988) reported that among smokers attending a smoking cessation clinic, those with a history of past major depression failed to stop smoking at more than twice the rate of those free of such history.”
BackgroundNortriptyline and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in the Treatment of Cigarette Smoking
Hall, S. M., Reus, V. I., Muñoz, R. F., Sees, K. L., Humfleet, G., Hartz, D. T., Frederick, S., & Triffleman, E. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.8.683 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Us Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline: Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence
Fiore, M. C., & Staff, G. P. A. (2000) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.1177/002013240004501007 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Smoking cessation and the course of major depression: A follow-up study
Glassman, A. H., Covey, L. S., Stetner, F., & Rivelli, S. (2001) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)05064-9 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Self-citationPerkins, K. A. (2001) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200115050-00005 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Depression and depressive symptoms in smoking cessation
Covey, L. S., Glassman, A. H., & Stetner, F. (1990) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0010-440x(90)90042-q · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of Abstinence from Tobacco: A Critical Review
Hughes, J. R., Higgins, S. T., & Hatsukami, D. (1990) · Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1669-3_10 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Cigarette smoking and major depression
Covey, L. S., Glassman, A. H., & Stetner, F. (1998) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1300/j069v17n01_04 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Self-citationNicotine, negative affect, and depression.
Hall, S. M., Muñoz, R. F., Reus, V. I., & Sees, K. L. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.61.5.761 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Abrams, D. B., Orleans, C. T., NIAURA, R. S., Goldstein, M. G., Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1996) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02895291 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Tobacco smoking and depressed mood in late childhood and early adolescence.
Wu, L. T., & Anthony, J. C. (1999) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.89.12.1837 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral intervention increases abstinence rates for depressive-history smokers.
Hall, S. M., Muñoz, R. F., & Reus, V. I. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.62.1.141 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Psychiatric disorders and stages of smoking
Breslau, N., Novak, S. P., & Kessler, R. C. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00317-2 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Clonidine for smoking cessation
Gourlay, S. G., Stead, L. F., & Benowitz, N. L. (2004) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000058.pub2 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Hayford, K. E., Patten, C. A., Rummans, T. A., Schroeder, D. R., Offord, K. P., Croghan, I. T., Glover, E. D., Sachs, D. P. L., & Hurt, R. D. (1999) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.174.2.173 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Yin, B., Whyatt, R., Perera, F. P., et al. (1995) · Free Radical Biology & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(95)00003-g · Cited by 261 · see citing works
History of depression and smoking cessation outcome: A meta-analysis.
Hitsman, B., Borrelli, B., McChargue, D. E., Spring, B., & Niaura, R. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.4.657 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
“for all but 3 studies (Ginsberg et al., 1995; Glassman et al., 1988; Prochazka et al., 1998).”
BackgroundTobacco use and readiness to quit smoking in low‐income HIV‐infected persons
Burkhalter, J. E., Springer, C. M., Chhabra, R., Ostroff, J. S., & Rapkin, B. D. (2005) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200500186064 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
“Other reports have identified higher levels of emotional distress, depressive symptoms in particular, as increasing the difficulty of smoking cessation in the general population of smokers (Anda et al., 1990; Glassman et al., 1988).”
BackgroundHall, S. M., & Prochaska, J. J. (2009) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.032408.153614 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
“These data were derived from intake interviews, conducted primarily to screen out smokers with current depression from trials where the presence of psychiatric illness was an exclusionary criterion (Glassman et al. 1988, Hall et al. 1993).”
Efficacy of antidepressants in substance use disorders with and without comorbid depression
Torrens, M., Fonseca, F., Mateu-Codina, G., & Farré, M. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.09.004 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression in smoking cessation.
Brown, R. A., Kahler, C. W., NIAURA, R. S., Abrams, D. B., Sales, S. D., Ramsey, S. E., Goldstein, M. G., Burgess, E. S., & Miller, I. W. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.3.471 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
“…smoking outcome has not been found in some smoking cessation treatment studies (Ginsberg, Hall, Reus, & Muñoz, 1995; Hall et al., 1994), a history of MDD has been associated with poorer smoking outcome at both 4 weeks (Glassman et al., 1988) and 10 weeks after the quit date (Glassman et al., 1993).”
BackgroundInvestigation of mechanisms linking depressed mood to nicotine dependence
Lerman, C., Audrain, J., Orleans, C. T., Boyd, R., Gold, K., Main, D., & Caporaso, N. (1996) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(95)00032-1 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Symptoms of depression and survival experience among three samples of smokers trying to quit.
Niaura, R., Britt, D., Shadel, W., Goldstein, M. G., Abrams, D. B., & Brown, R. A. (2001) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/0893-164x.15.1.13 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
The reality of comorbidity: Depression and drug abuse
Volkow, N. D. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.07.007 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Development of Major Depression After Treatment for Smoking Cessation
Tsoh, J. Y., Humfleet, G. L., ⁄, R. F. M. ̧., Reus, V. I., Hartz, D. T., & Hall, S. M. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.3.368 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Affect regulation, nicotine addiction, and smoking cessation
Carmody, T. P. (1992) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1992.10471632 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Breslau, N., Kilbey, M. M., & Andreski, P. M. (1994) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00960.x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
al’Absi, M., Hatsukami, D., Davis, G. L., & Wittmers, L. E. (2004) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.014 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
“These effects of abstinence may exacerbate the impact of other negative mood states, such as those caused by stress, leading to the increased desire to smoke, and therefore greater risk for early smoking relapse (Carey et al., 1993; Glassman et al., 1988; Parrott, 1998; Shiffman et al., 1996b).”
BackgroundA Randomized Trial of Nortriptyline for Smoking Cessation
Prochazka, A. V., Weaver, M. J., Keller, R. T., Fryer, G. E., Licari, P., & Lofaso, D. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.18.2035 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
al’Absi, M., Hatsukami, D., & Davis, G. L. (2005) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2225-3 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“Effects of withdrawal symptoms and negative affect on relapse may be driven by motivation to self-medicate (Piasecki et al. 2003) and may exacerbate the impact of psychological stress, leading to the increased risk for early smoking relapse (Carey et al. 1993; Glassman et al. 1988).”
BackgroundCigarette Smoking and Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children and Adolescents
Upadhyaya, H. P., Deas, D., Brady, K. T., & Kruesi, M. J. P. (2002) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200211000-00010 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Goldstein, I. (2000) · American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(00)00892-4 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The effects of depressed mood on smoking cessation: Mediation by postcessation self-efficacy.
Cinciripini, P. M., Wetter, D. W., Fouladi, R. T., Blalock, J. A., Carter, B. L., Cinciripini, L. G., & Baile, W. F. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.2.292 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Hall, S. M., Muñoz, R., Reus, V., et al. (1996) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.64.5.1003 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
García–Rodríguez, O., Secades‐Villa, R., Flórez‐Salamanca, L., Okuda, M., Liu, S.-M., & Blanco, C. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.008 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Pharmacotherapy for Nicotine Dependence
Henningfield, J. E., Fant, R. V., Buchhalter, A. R., & Stitzer, M. L. (2005) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.55.5.281 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
“For example, one study of heavy smokers who had failed in previous quit attempts found that those treated with clonidine had twice the rate of abstinence as those treated with placebo at the end of the 4-week treatment.(106) This effect continued through the 6-month follow up.”
Smoking to self-medicate attentional and emotional dysfunctions
Gehricke, J., Loughlin, S. E., Whalen, C. K., Potkin, S. G., Fallon, J., Jamner, L. D., Belluzzi, J. D., & Leslie, F. M. (2007) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622200701685039 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Review of bupropion for smoking cessation
RICHMOND, R. L., & Zwar, N. A. (2003) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1080/09595230100100642 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Paperwalla, K. N., Levin, T. T., Weiner, J., & Saravay, S. M. (2004) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.06.007 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“In 1988, Glassman et al [22] made the important observation that 60% of smokers presenting to a smoking cessation program had a past history of major depression.”
BackgroundBiological Aspects of the Link between Smoking and Depression
Quattrocki, E., Baird, A., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2000) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/hrp_8.3.99 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
NIAURA, R. S., Shadel, W. G., Abrams, D. B., Monti, P. M., Rohsenow, D. J., & Sirota, A. D. (1998) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(97)00043-9 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Smoking cessation interventions for smokers with current or past depression
van der Meer, R. M., Willemsen, M. C., Smit, F., & Cuijpers, P. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006102.pub2 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Essential Elements of Self-Help/Minimal Intervention Strategies for Smoking Cessation
Glynn, T. J., Boyd, G. M., & Gruman, J. C. (1990) · Health Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/109019819001700308 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Cigarette smoking and nicotine addiction
Benowitz, N. L. (1992) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30360-1 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Berlin, I., Saïd, S., Spreux‐Varoquaux, O., Launay, J., Olivares, R., Millet, V., Lecrubier, Y., & Puech, A. J. (1995) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0009-9236(95)90058-6 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Lerman, C., Gold, K. F., Audrain, J. E., Lin, T. H., Boyd, N. R., Orleans, C. T., Wilfond, B., Louben, G., & Caporaso, N. (1997) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.16.1.87 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Sachs, D., Säwe, U., & Leischow, S. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410160041003 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Cigarettes and suicide: a prospective study of 50,000 men
(2000) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.90.5.768 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Depression and smoking cessation
Haukkala, A., Uutela, A. K., Vartiainen, E. A., McAlister, A. L., & Knekt, P. (2000) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00125-7 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Tobacco smoking as a risk factor for depression. A 26-year population-based follow-up study
Flensborg‐Madsen, T., von Scholten, M. B., Flachs, E. M., Mortensen, E. L., Prescott, E., & Tolstrup, J. S. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.06.006 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Previous research supports this hypothesis by linking inability to stop smoking and relapse to smoking with depressive symptoms (Covey et al., 1990; Glassman et al., 1988, 1990; Yanik et al., 2004).”
BackgroundAntidepressantlike effects of chronic nicotine on learned helplessness paradigm in rats
Semba, J., Mataki, C., Yamada, S., Nankai, M., & Toru, M. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00477-0 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Schoepf, D., Uppal, H., Potluri, R., & Heun, R. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0436-x · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“In addition, smoking cessation after remission of a MD-episode usually leads to the recurrence of depressive symptoms [37, 55, 56, 58].”
BackgroundMonoamine oxidase A and B activities in heavy smokers
Berlin, I., Saïd, S., Spreux‐Varoquaux, O., Olivares, R., Launay, J., & Puech, A. J. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00084-4 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Zelman, D. C., Brandon, T. H., Jorenby, D. E., & Baker, T. B. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.60.6.943 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Patterns of change in depressive symptoms during smoking cessation: Who's at risk for relapse?
Burgess, E. S., Brown, R. A., Kahler, C. W., Niaura, R., Abrams, D. B., Goldstein, M. G., & Miller, I. W. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.2.356 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“In treatment studies, Glassman and colleagues found positive MDD history predicted poorer smoking outcome at both 4-weeks (Glassman et al., 1988) and 10-weeks postquit date (Glassman et al., 1993).”
BackgroundAlpha2‐adrenergic agents in anaesthesia
Aantaa, R., & Scheinin, M. (1993) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1993.tb03743.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Heavy Smokers, Smoking Cessation, and Clonidine
Green, J. (1988) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1988.03410110060016 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Gender differences in the pharmacology of nicotine addiction
Benowitz, N. L., & Hatsukami, D. K. (1998) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1080/13556219871930 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Richards, J. M., Stipelman, B. A., Bornovalova, M. A., Daughters, S. B., Sinha, R., & Lejuez, C. W. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.06.009 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“…studies have suggested that some forms of psychopathology, including depression in particular, are associated with an increased risk of relapse among smokers (Glassman et al., 1993; Glassman et al., 1988); however, little research has examined the role of HPA axis functioning in this relationship.”
BackgroundImpact of smoking cessation and smoking interventions in patients with coronary heart disease
Berkel, T. V. (1999) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.1999.1658 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
“Smokers with a major depressive disorder were less successful in their attempts to stop smoking, since smoking cessation for these patients can result in depressive symptoms([54]).”
Associations between smoking cessation and anxiety and depression among U.S. adults
Regan, A. K., Dube, S. R., Strine, T. W., Kroenke, K., Caraballo, R. S., & Mokdad, A. H. (2009) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.01.005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Improving the Rates of Quitting Smoking for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
McFall, M., Saxon, A. J., Thompson, C. E., Yoshimoto, D., Malte, C. A., Straits-Tröster, K. A., Kanter, E. D., Zhou, X., Dougherty, C. M., & Steele, B. G. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.7.1311 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Exercise effects on withdrawal and mood among women attempting smoking cessation
Bock, B. C., Marcus, B. H., King, T. K., Borrelli, B., & Roberts, M. R. (1999) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(98)00088-4 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Hughes, J. R. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.61.5.751 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Peck, G. (1990) · Respiratory care · doi:10.1177/194336549003500107 · Cited by 124
Pharmacotherapy of Nicotine Dependence
Haustein, K.-O., & Groneberg, D. A. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-87577-2_11 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Holm, K. J., & Spencer, C. M. (2000) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200059040-00019 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Depression and cardiovascular comorbidity
Glassman, A. H. (2007) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2007.9.1/ahglassman · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“At the same time that these first community surveys began to appear, other studies were drawing attention to the relationship between MDD and cigarette-smoking.(7,8) Depressed patients were more likely to smoke and less likely to be able to stop, and yet up to that time epidemiologists had never controlled for smoking…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMood Management Mail Intervention Increases Abstinence Rates for Spanish‐Speaking Latino Smokers
Muñoz, R. F., Marín, B. V., Posner, S. F., & Pérez‐Stable, E. J. (1997) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1024676626955 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Mood and depression diagnosis in smoking cessation.
Ginsberg, D., Hall, S. M., Reus, V. I., & Muñoz, R. F. (1995) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.3.4.389 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Bruijnzeel, A. W., & Gold, M. S. (2005) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.01.007 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Milberger, S., Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Chen, L., & Jones, J. (1997) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.3109/10550499709136987 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Affect Regulation, Tobacco Addiction, and Smoking Cessation
Carmody, T. P. (1989) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.1989.10472175 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Tobacco Addiction: Implications for Treatment and Cancer Prevention
Cinciripini, P. M., Hecht, S. S., Henningfield, J. E., Manley, M. W., & Kramer, B. S. (1997) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/89.24.1852 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Naltrexone Effects on Short-Term and Long-Term Smoking Cessation
Covey, L. S., Glassman, A. H., & Stetner, F. (1999) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1300/j069v18n01_04 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationQuinn, D. I., Wodak, A., & Day, R. O. (1997) · Clinical Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2165/00003088-199733050-00003 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
History and symptoms of depression among smokers during a self-initiated quit attempt
NIAURA, R. S., DiBenedetti, D. B., Borrelli, B., Shadel, W. G., Abrams, D. B., & Goldstein, M. R. (1999) · Nicotine & Tobacco Research · doi:10.1080/14622299050011371 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Negative affective states and cognitive impairments in nicotine dependence
Hall, F. S., Der‐Avakian, A., Gould, T. J., Markou, A., Shoaib, M. C., & Young, J. W. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.06.004 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Smoking withdrawal dynamics: III. Correlates of withdrawal heterogeneity
Piasecki, T. M., Jorenby, D. E., Smith, S. S., Fiore, M. C., & Baker, T. B. (2003) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/1064-1297.11.4.276 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“…understand withdrawal’s causal determinants, help explain why some treatments are more effective for some individuals than for others, and reveal why some populations (e.g., women, those with depression) are especially likely to relapse (Glassman et al., 1988; Perkins 1996; Wetter et al., 1999).”
BackgroundCovey, L. S., Hughes, D. C., Glassman, A. H., Blazer, D. G., & George, L. K. (1994) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tc.3.3.222 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationNaloxone precipitates nicotine abstinence syndrome in the rat
Malin, D. H., Lake, J. R., Carter, V. A., Cunningham, J. S., & Wilson, O. B. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244930 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Pomerleau, C. S., Downey, K. K., Snedecor, S. M., Mehringer, A. M., Marks, J. L., & Pomerleau, O. F. (2002) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(02)00223-x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
A preliminary placebo-controlled trial of selegiline hydrochloride for smoking cessation
George, T. P., Vessicchio, J. C., Termine, A., Jatlow, P. I., Kosten, T. R., & O’Malley, S. S. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01454-3 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Addiction in the treatment of pain: Significance, recognition, and management
Savage, S. R. (1993) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/0885-3924(93)90155-o · Cited by 98 · see citing works
- Authors
- Glassman, A. H.
- Corresponding author
- Glassman, Alexander H.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1988-05-20
- Volume
- 259
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 2863
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W7214164996
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research
- Keywords
- heavy smoking, smoking cessation, clonidine, nicotine dependence, tobacco use
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
