Cited by 230Pulmonary Hypertension Research and TreatmentsCardiac Health and Mental HealthMental Health Treatment and Access

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Anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

Löwe, Bernd, Gräfe, Kerstin, Ufer, Christiane, Kroenke, Kurt, Grünig, Ekkehard, Herzog, Wolfgang, Borst, Mathias M.·2004·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/01.psy.0000145593.37594.39

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This is the first study that investigates the prevalence and actual treatment of anxiety, depression, and other mental disorders in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). The prevalence of mental disorders in patients with PH was compared with parallel groups of primary care patients and patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases, and the relationship between functional status and prevalence of mental disorders was determined. METHODS: The patient group with PH (70.1% female; mean age, 47.8 +/- 12.7 years) and the two comparison groups, which were matched by age and sex, consisted of 164 patients each. Patients completed self-administered instruments, including the Patient Health Questionnaire for the diagnosis of mental disorders. New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class was assessed in all patients with PH. RESULTS: Thirty-five percent of the patients with PH suffered from mental disorders, with the most common being major depressive disorder (15.9%) and panic disorder (10.4%). Both panic disorder and panic attacks were significantly more prevalent in patients with PH than in either patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases or primary care patients. The prevalence of mental disorders in patients with PH increased significantly with functional impairment, from 17.7% (NYHA class I) to 61.9% (NYHA class IV). Only 24.1% of the patients with PH with mental disorders were receiving psychopharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and depression are frequent in patients with PH and increase as the severity of disease progresses. Given the fact that safe and efficacious treatments of mental disorders are available, greater importance should be attached to the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions in patients with PH.

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Authors: Löwe, B., Gräfe, K., Ufer, C., Kroenke, K., Grünig, E., Herzog, W., & Borst, M. M.
Affiliations: Heidelberg University (DE)
Regenstrief Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Löwe, Bernd
ORCID: Löwe, Bernd
Kroenke, Kurt
Grünig, Ekkehard
Herzog, Wolfgang
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2004-11
Volume: 66
Issue: 6
Pages: 831-836
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/01.psy.0000145593.37594.39
OpenAlex: W2059367168
Cited by: 230
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 2.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Pulmonary Hypertension Research and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: pulmonary hypertension, anxiety, depression, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, panic attacks, prevalence of mental disorders, NYHA functional class, functional disability, psychopharmacological treatment, psychotherapy, inflammatory rheumatic diseases, primary care patients
MeSH terms: Anxiety Disorders, Austria, Mental Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Germany, Health Services Accessibility, Health Status, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary, Male, Middle Aged, Psychotherapy, Psychotropic Drugs, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Switzerland, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Panic Disorder

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Anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary hypertension.

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