The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
DS14: Standard Assessment of Negative Affectivity, Social Inhibition, and Type D Personality
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Type D personality-a joint tendency toward negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SI)-is related to poor cardiac prognosis, but there is no standard for assessing Type D. This study reports on the Type D Scale-14 (DS14) as a standard measure of NA, SI, and Type D. METHODS: The study included 3813 participants (2508 from the general population, 573 cardiac patients, 732 hypertension patients). They all filled out the DS14, containing 7-item NA and SI subscales; 275 subjects also completed the NEO-FFI, and 121 patients filled out the DS14 twice. RESULTS: Factor analysis of the DS14 yielded 2 dominant traits; all of the NA and SI items loaded between 0.62 to 0.82 on their corresponding factor (N = 3678). The NA scale covered dysphoria, worry, and irritability; the SI scale covered discomfort in social interactions, reticence, and lack of social poise. The NA and SI scales were internally consistent (alpha = 0.88/0.86; N = 3678), stable over a 3-month period (test-retest r = 0.72/0.82) and not dependent on mood and health status (N = 121). NA correlated positively with neuroticism (r = 0.68); SI correlated negatively with extraversion (r = -0.59/-0.65). Scale-level factor analysis confirmed the construct validity of the DS14 against the NEO-FFI. Using a cutoff of 10 (NA > or =10 and SI > or =10), 1027 subjects (28%) were classified as Type D, 21% in the general population versus 28% in coronary heart disease and 53% in hypertension (p < or = .001). Age, sex, and Type D (odds ratio, 3.98; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-4.6; p <.0001) were independently associated with cardiovascular morbidity. CONCLUSION: The DS14 is a brief, psychometrically sound measure of negative affectivity and social inhibition that could readily be incorporated in epidemiologic and clinical research.
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Cites
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“High-SI individuals tend to inhibit the outward signs of inner feelings as a strategy for downregulating emotion (47).”
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Self-citation
Cited by
The brief resilience scale: Assessing the ability to bounce back
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Loneliness in the general population: prevalence, determinants and relations to mental health
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“The German version of the Type-D or Distressed Personality scale (ds14; [30] )assesses a pattern consisting of significant negative affectivity (≥10) in conjunction with significant social inhibition (≥10) with 7 items each.”
BackgroundPsychological impact of fibromyalgia: current perspectives
Galvez-Sánchez, C. M., Duschek, S., & Reyes del Paso, G. A. (2019) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s178240 · Cited by 359
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Metadata
- Authors
- Denollet, J.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 89-97
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2019050682
- Cited by
- 1,549
- References
- 13
- FWCI
- 21.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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