Cited by 639Stress Responses and CortisolHealth disparities and outcomesEmployment and Welfare Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Stress Hormones

Open access

Cohen, Sheldon, Doyle, William J., Baum, Andrew·2006·Psychosomatic Medicine

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective: We assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with basal levels of cortisol and catecholamines and determine if any association between SES and these hormones can be explained (is mediated) by behavioral, social, and emotional differences across the SES gradient. Methods: One hundred ninety-three adult subjects, including men and women and whites and African-Americans, provided 24-hour urine catecholamine samples on each of 2 days and seven saliva cortisol samples on each of 3 days beginning 1 hour after wakeup and ending 14 to 16 hours later. Values for both hormones were averaged across days to obtain basal levels. Results: Lower SES (income and education) was associated with higher levels of cortisol and epinephrine and marginally higher levels of norepinephrine. These associations were independent of race, age, gender, and body mass. Low SES was also associated with a greater likelihood of smoking, of not eating breakfast, and with less diverse social networks. Further analyses provided evidence consistent with the hypothesis that these behavioral and social variables mediate the link between SES and the three stress hormones. Conclusions: Lower SES was associated in a graded fashion with higher basal levels of cortisol and catecholamines. These associations occurred independent of race, and the data were consistent with mediation by health practices and social factors. AUC = area under the curve; BMI = body mass index; CARDIA = Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical axis; ISEL = Interpersonal Support Evaluation List; LET = Life Engagement Test; SES = socioeconomic status; SNS = sympathetic nervous system.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/01.psy.0000221236.37158.b9

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research
Buysse, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Monk, T. H., Berman, S. R., & Kupfer, D. J. (1989) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4 · Cited by 35,234
The structure of coping
Pearlin, L. I., & Schooler, C. (1978) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136319 · Cited by 7,791 · cited 2×
“The internal reliabilities were 0.80 for the ISEL, 0.72 for the Mastery Scale, and 0.73 for the LET.”
MethodInfluential
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · cited 2×
“Overall, these data may be viewed as biological verification that increasing SES is associated with decreasing psychophysiologic distress (1,5).”
Background
Hierarchical Linear Models
Gill, J. (2005) · Encyclopedia of Social Measurement · doi:10.1016/b0-12-369398-5/00166-3 · Cited by 3,126
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient
Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 2,383
Self-citation
Measuring the Functional Components of Social Support
Cohen, S., Mermelstein, R., Kamarck, T., & Hoberman, H. M. (1985) · Social Support: Theory, Research and Applications · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5115-0_5 · Cited by 2,296
Self-citation
Social Ties and Susceptibility to the Common Cold
Heeler, R. M. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550150035019 · Cited by 1,300
Untitled work
(1995) · Cited by 1,270
Self-citation
Social Ties and Susceptibility to the Common Cold
Cohen, S. (1997) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03540480040036 · Cited by 1,238
Self-citation
The Environment of Poverty: Multiple Stressor Exposure, Psychophysiological Stress, and Socioemotional Adjustment
Evans, G. W., & English, K. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00469 · Cited by 1,232

Show all 39 references

Sorted by citations

Items 201–300 of 639

Inquiry Under Bounds
Thorstad, D. (2024) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198886143.001.0001 · Cited by 36
Living in poverty and accelerated biological aging: evidence from population-representative sample of U.S. adults
Dalecká, A., Polcrova, A. B., Pikhart, H., Bobák, M., & Ksinan, A. J. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-17960-w · Cited by 34
Education and Levels of Salivary Cortisol Over the Day in US Adults
Dowd, J. B., Ranjit, N., Phuong, D., Young, E. A., House, J. S., & Kaplan, G. A. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9224-2 · Cited by 31
Health Psychology: Where Are We And Where Do We Go From Here?
Kaplan, R. M. (2009) · Mens Sana monographs · doi:10.4103/0973-1229.43584 · Cited by 31
Teacher–child interaction quality, attitudes toward reading, and literacy achievement of Chinese preschool children: Mediation and moderation analysis
Hu, B. Y., Wu, H., Curby, T. W., Wu, Z., & Zhang, X. (2018) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2018.09.004 · Cited by 31
Distinct Stress Profiles Among Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy
Langford, D. J., Cooper, B. A., Paul, S. M., Humphreys, J. C., Hammer, M. J., Levine, J. D., Conley, Y. P., Wright, F., Dunn, L. B., & Miaskowski, C. A. (2019) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.10.025 · Cited by 35
Kindergarteners’ spatial skills and their reading and math achievement in second grade
Wang, S., Hu, B. Y., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2021.06.002 · Cited by 33
Cognitive development and cortisol patterns in mid-life: Findings from a British birth cohort
Power, C., Li, L., & Hertzman, C. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.01.017 · Cited by 30
Mediterranean diet protects against a neuroinflammatory cortical transcriptome: Associations with brain volumetrics, peripheral inflammation, social isolation, and anxiety in nonhuman primates (Macaca fascicularis)
Negrey, J. D., Negrey, J. D., Johnson, C. S. C., Kim, J., Barcus, R. A., Lockhart, S. N., Whitlow, C. T., Sutphen, C. L., Snyder‐Mackler, N., Montine, T. J., et al. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.016 · Cited by 29
Lower morning to evening cortisol ratio is associated with cognitive impairment in men but not women: An analysis of 733 older subjects of the cross-sectional KORA-Age study
Johar, H., Emeny, R. T., Bidlingmaier, M., Lacruz, M. E., Reincke, M., Peters, A., Heier, M., & Ladwig, K. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.10.011 · Cited by 30
Klotho, APOEε4, cognitive ability, brain size, atrophy, and survival: a study in the Aberdeen Birth Cohort of 1936
de Vries, C. F., Staff, R. T., Harris, S. E., Chapko, D., Williams, D. S., Reichert, P., Ahearn, T. S., McNeil, C. J., Whalley, L. J., & Murray, A. D. (2017) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.019 · Cited by 29
Effects of developmental manganese, stress, and the combination of both on monoamines, growth, and corticosterone
Vorhees, C. V., Graham, D. L., Amos‐Kroohs, R. M., Braun, A. A., Grace, C. E., Schaefer, T. L., Skelton, M. R., Erikson, K. M., Aschner, M., & Williams, M. T. (2014) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.004 · Cited by 30
Effects of developmental stress and lead (Pb) on corticosterone after chronic and acute stress, brain monoamines, and blood Pb levels in rats
Graham, D. L., Grace, C. E., Braun, A. A., Schaefer, T. L., Skelton, M. R., Tang, P., Vorhees, C. V., & Williams, M. T. (2010) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.09.008 · Cited by 30
Lead neurotoxicity in children: Decomposing the variability in dose–effect relationships
Bellinger, D. C. (2007) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.20438 · Cited by 30
Young adults from disadvantaged groups experience more stress and deterioration in mental health associated with polycrisis
Kałwak, W., Węziak‐Białowolska, D., Wendołowska, A. M., Bonarska, K., Sitnik‐Warchulska, K., Bańbura, A., Czyżowska, D., Gruszka, A., Opoczyńska-Morasiewicz, M., & Izydorczyk, B. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59325-8 · Cited by 32
Contributions of Teacher–Child Interaction Quality to Chinese Children’s Development in the Early Childhood Years
Hu, B. Y., Fan, X., Yan, W., LoCasale‐Crouch, J., & Song, Z. (2018) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2018.1544809 · Cited by 29
Opposing relationships of childhood threat and deprivation with stria terminalis white matter
Banihashemi, L., Peng, C. W., Verstynen, T., Wallace, M. L., Lamont, D. N., Alkhars, H. M., Yeh, F.-C. F., Beeney, J. E., Aizenstein, H. J., & Germain, A. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25378 · Cited by 28
Chinese preschool children’s physical fitness, motor competence, executive functioning, and receptive language, math, and science performance in Kindergarten
Chou, Y.-J., Hu, B. Y., Winsler, A., Wu, H., Greenburg, J. E., & Kong, Z. (2022) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106397 · Cited by 34
Blunted diurnal decline of cortisol among older adults with low socioeconomic status
Agbedia, O. O., Varma, V. R., Seplaki, C. L., Seeman, T. E., Fried, L. P., Li, L., Harris, G. C., Rebok, G. W., Xue, Q., Tan, E. J., et al. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06151.x · Cited by 29
Socio‐economic Status, Demographic Characteristics and Intimate Partner Violence
Wilson, N. L. (2019) · Journal of International Development · doi:10.1002/jid.3430 · Cited by 27
Family Physical Activities Choice, Parental Views of Physical Activities, and Chinese Preschool Children’s Physical Fitness and Motor Development
Hu, B. Y., Wu, Z., & Kong, Z. (2021) · Early Childhood Education Journal · doi:10.1007/s10643-021-01190-5 · Cited by 27
Life satisfaction moderates the impact of socioeconomic status on diurnal cortisol slope
Zilioli, S., Imami, L., & Slatcher, R. B. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.06.010 · Cited by 26
Early life socioeconomic status, chronic physiological stress and hippocampal N-acetyl aspartate concentrations
McLean, J., Krishnadas, R., Batty, G. D., Burns, H., Deans, K. A., Ford, I., McConnachie, A., McGinty, A., McLean, J. S., Millar, K., et al. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.08.013 · Cited by 26
Dimensions of Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Asthma Outcomes: Evidence for Distinct Behavioral and Biological Associations
Chen, E., Shalowitz, M. U., Story, R. E., Ehrlich, K. B., Levine, C. S., Hayen, R., Leigh, A. K. K., & Miller, G. E. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000392 · Cited by 26
Inflation hardship, gender, and mental health
Louie, P., Wu, C., Shahidi, F. V., & Siddiqi, A. (2023) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101452 · Cited by 25
Prenatal Maternal Stress and Child IQ
Hidalgo, A. P. C., Neumann, A., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Rijlaarsdam, J., Verhulst, F. C., White, T. J. H., van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Tiemeier, H. W. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13177 · Cited by 28
Development and initial validation of the Perceived Scarcity Scale
DeSousa, M., Reeve, C. L. L., & Peterman, A. H. (2019) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2908 · Cited by 26
Why Does Family Wealth Affect Learning
Willingham, D. T. (2012) · Cited by 25
Western Diseases
Pollard, T. M. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511841118 · Cited by 25
Family cohesion, acculturation, maternal cortisol, and preterm birth in Mexican-American women
Ruiz, J., Pickler, R. H., Marti, C. N., & Jallo, N. (2013) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s42268 · Cited by 25
Relationships of cognitive load on eating and weight-related behaviors of young adults
Byrd‐Bredbenner, C., Quick, V., Koenings, M., Martin‐Biggers, J. T., & Kattelmann, K. K. (2016) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.01.002 · Cited by 24
Labor Rights as Human Rights
Saner, R., & Yiu, L. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348607.008 · Cited by 24
Does older adults’ cognition particularly suffer from stress? A systematic review of acute stress effects on cognition in older age
Mikneviciute, G., Ballhausen, N., Rimmele, U., & Kliegel, M. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.009 · Cited by 31
Interparental conflict and depressive symptoms among Chinese adolescents: A longitudinal moderated mediation model
Luo, R., Chen, F., Ke, L., Wang, Y., Zhao, Y., & Luo, Y. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000190 · Cited by 24
Adult cognitive ability and socioeconomic status as mediators of the effects of childhood disadvantage on salivary cortisol in aging adults
Franz, C. E., Spoon, K. M., Thompson, W. K., Hauger, R. L., Hellhammer, D. H., Jacobson, K. C., LUPIEN, S. J., Lyons, M. J., McCaffery, J. M., McKenzie, R. E., et al. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.04.001 · Cited by 26
Socioeconomic status is associated with symptom severity and sickness absence in people with infectious intestinal disease in the UK
Rose, T. C., Adams, N. L., Barr, B., Hawker, J. I., O’Brien, S. J., Violato, M., Whitehead, M. M., & Taylor-Robinson, D. C. (2017) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2551-1 · Cited by 24
Education and learning in the context of childhood abuse, neglect and related stressor: The nexus of health and education
Dube, S. R., & McGiboney, G. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.029 · Cited by 24
Classroom management in urban schools: proposing a course framework
Caldera, A., Whitaker, M. C., & Popova, D. A. D. C. (2019) · Teaching Education · doi:10.1080/10476210.2018.1561663 · Cited by 36
Family Ruptures, Stress, and the Mental Health of the Next Generation
Persson, P., & Rossin‐Slater, M. (2016) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w22229 · Cited by 25
Observed parent–child relationship quality predicts antibody response to vaccination in children
O’Connor, T. G., Wang, H., Moynihan, J. A., Wyman, P. A., Carnahan, J. A., Lofthus, G., Quataert, S. A., Bowman, M., Burke, A. S., & Caserta, M. T. (2015) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2015.04.002 · Cited by 24
Mother-infant dyadic dysregulation and postpartum depressive symptoms in low-income Mexican-origin women
Luecken, L. J., Crnic, K. A., Gonzales, N. A., Winstone, L. K., & Somers, J. A. (2018) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.10.016 · Cited by 28
Information design to promote better nutrition among pantry clients: four methods of formative evaluation
Evans, S. H., Clarke, P., & Koprowski, C. (2009) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980009990851 · Cited by 22
Factors Influencing School Counselors’ Suspecting and Reporting of Childhood Physical Abuse: Investigating Child, Parent, School, and Abuse Characteristics
Tillman, K. S., Prazak, M. D., Burrier, L. A., Miller, S., Benezra, M. R., & Lynch, L. (2015) · Professional School Counseling · doi:10.5330/1096-2409-19.1.103 · Cited by 22
Exploring the relationship between socioeconomic status and erectile dysfunction: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Macdonald, E. J., Gaines, J. M., Kim, J. I., & Paduch, D. A. (2022) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-022-00584-2 · Cited by 21
Low income and schizophrenia risk: A narrative review
Schneider, M., Müller, C. P., & Knies, A. K. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114047 · Cited by 26
The infant health effects of starting universal child benefits in pregnancy: Evidence from England and Wales.
Reader, M. (2023) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2023.102751 · Cited by 17
Cortisol and cognitive function in midlife: The role of childhood cognition and educational attainment
Gaysina, D., Gardner, M. P., Richards, M., & Ben‐Shlomo, Y. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.018 · Cited by 21
Classroom stress promotes motivated forgetting of mathematics knowledge.
Ramirez, G., McDonough, I. M., & Ling, J. (2017) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000170 · Cited by 23
Profiles of literacy skills among Chinese preschoolers: Antecedents and consequences of profile membership
Ren, L., Hu, B. Y., & Wu, Z. (2018) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2018.11.008 · Cited by 21
The relationship between cortisol and cognitive function in healthy older people: The moderating role of Apolipoprotein E polymorphism
Montoliu, T., Hidalgo, V., Pulopulos, M. M., Ivorra, J. L., Martı́nez, M. J., & Salvador, A. (2018) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2018.08.013 · Cited by 21
Parenting and mobile phone addiction tendency of Chinese adolescents: The roles of self-control and future time perspective
Peng, Y., Wang, Y., Liu, S., & Hu, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.985608 · Cited by 22
Relationship Status and Relationship Instability, but Not Dominance, Predict Individual Differences in Baseline Cortisol Levels
Maestripieri, D., Klimczuk, A. C. E., Seneczko, M., Traficonte, D. M., & Wilson, M. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084003 · Cited by 23
Disparities in Anxiety and its Disorders
Zvolensky, M. J., Garey, L., & Bakhshaie, J. (2017) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2017.05.004 · Cited by 21
Childhood Threat Is Associated With Lower Resting-State Connectivity Within a Central Visceral Network
Banihashemi, L., Peng, C. W., Rangarajan, A., Karim, H. T., Wallace, M. L., Sibbach, B. M., Singh, J., Stinley, M. M., Germain, A., & Aizenstein, H. J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.805049 · Cited by 19
Preconception maternal posttraumatic stress and child negative affectivity: Prospectively evaluating the intergenerational impact of trauma
Swales, D. A., Davis, E. P., Mahrer, N. E., Guardino, C. M., Shalowitz, M. U., Ramey, S. L., & Schetter, C. D. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579421001760 · Cited by 20
Inhibitory control moderates the quadratic association between resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia and prosocial behaviors in children
Zhang, R., & Wang, Z. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13491 · Cited by 22
Associations between lifetime stress exposure and prenatal health behaviors
Smith, T. C., Johns‐Wolfe, E., Shields, G. S., Malat, J., Jacquez, F., & Slavich, G. M. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2933 · Cited by 19
Workplace psychosocial factors associated with hypertension in the U.S. workforce: A cross‐sectional study based on the 2010 National Health Interview Survey
Kaur, H., Luckhaupt, S. E., Li, J., Alterman, T., & Calvert, G. M. (2014) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22345 · Cited by 19
Cross‐cultural social stress among Muslim, Hindu, Santal and Oraon communities in Rasulpur of Bangladesh
Uddin, M. E. (2011) · International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy · doi:10.1108/01443331111141309 · Cited by 19
Lifetime chronic stress exposures, stress hormones, and biological aging: Results from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study
Hansen, J. L., Carroll, J., Seeman, T. E., Cole, S. W., & Rentscher, K. E. (2024) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2024.10.022 · Cited by 23
Cortisol Reactivity as a Mediator of Peer Victimization on Child Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: The Role of Gender Differences
Sun, J., Jiang, Y., Wang, X., Zilioli, S., Chi, P., Chen, L., Xiao, J., & Lin, D. (2021) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-021-00855-4 · Cited by 18
Female Sexual Dysfunction as Measured by Low Sexual Frequency is Associated with Lower Socioeconomic Status: An Analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2007-2016
Kim, J. I., Zhu, D., Davila, J. L., Lee, J., Chubak, B. M., Melamed, M. L., & Abraham, N. (2021) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.09.014 · Cited by 19
Psychological Strains, Salivary Biomarkers, and Risks for Coronary Heart Disease Among Hurricane Survivors
An, K., Salyer, J., & Kao, H.-F. S. (2014) · Biological Research For Nursing · doi:10.1177/1099800414551164 · Cited by 18
Biomarcadores en la medición del estrés: una revisión sistemática
Morera, L. P., Tempesti, T. C., Pérez, E., & Medrano, L. A. (2019) · Ansiedad y Estrés · doi:10.1016/j.anyes.2019.02.001 · Cited by 34
The Health of Urban Populations in Developing Countries
Montgomery, M. R., & Ezeh, A. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-25822-1_10 · Cited by 18
The Zetetic Turn and the Procedural Turn
Thorstad, D. (2025) · The Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.5840/jphil2025122922 · Cited by 17
Demographic and socioeconomic disparities of pituitary adenomas and carcinomas in the United States
Ghaffari‐Rafi, A., Mehdizadeh, R., Ghaffari-Rafi, S., Castillo, J. A., Rodriguez-Beato, F. Y., & León-Rojas, J. E. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2022.01.032 · Cited by 17
The Relationship Between Family Socioeconomic Status and Adolescent Sleep and Diurnal Cortisol
Rocha, S., Almeida, D. M., Chiang, J. J., Cole, S. W., Irwin, M. R., Seeman, T. E., & Fuligni, A. J. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001104 · Cited by 17
Chinese Preschool Children’s Home Numeracy Experiences and their Mathematical Abilities
Pan, Y., Hu, B. Y., Hunt, J. H., Wu, Z., Chen, Y., & He, M. (2022) · Journal of Early Childhood Research · doi:10.1177/1476718x221125583 · Cited by 17
Genetic propensity, socioeconomic status, and trajectories of depression over a course of 14 years in older adults
Kosciuszko, M., Steptoe, A., & Ajnakina, O. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02367-9 · Cited by 23
Maternal Diet Quality and Prenatal Depressive Symptoms: The Moderating Role of Economic Well-Being
Wang, P., Yim, I. S., & Lindsay, K. L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15122809 · Cited by 20
The interactive effects of psychosocial stress and diet composition on health in primates
Shively, C. A., Frye, B. M., Negrey, J. D., Johnson, C. S. C., Sutphen, C. L., Molina, A. J. A., Yadav, H., Snyder‐Mackler, N., & Register, T. C. (2023) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105320 · Cited by 17
Hormonal and modality specific effects on males’ emotion recognition ability
Lausen, A., Broering, C., Penke, L., & Schacht, A. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104719 · Cited by 16
Intraindividual reaction time variability as an index of attentional control acts as a moderator of the longitudinal relationships between marital quality and children’s externalizing problems
Peng, Y., Zhang, R., & Wang, Z. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105011 · Cited by 15
Early executive function predicts children’s Chinese word reading from preschool through Grade 3
Ren, L., Hu, B. Y., & Wu, H. (2022) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102054 · Cited by 16
Demographic Differences in Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Score After Trauma
NeSmith, E. G., Weinrich, S., Andrews, J. O., Medeiros, R. S., Hawkins, M. L., & Weinrich, M. C. (2011) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2012852 · Cited by 15
Late-Pregnancy Salivary Cortisol Concentrations of Ghanaian Women Participating in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Prenatal Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements
Oaks, B. M., Laugero, K. D., Stewart, C. P., Adu‐Afarwuah, S., Lartey, A. A., Ashorn, P., Vosti, S. A., & Dewey, K. G. (2016) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.115.219576 · Cited by 16
Male social status and its predictors among Garisakang forager-horticulturalists of lowland Papua New Guinea
Konečná, M., & Urlacher, S. S. (2017) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2017.05.005 · Cited by 17
The mediating effect of empathy in the quadratic relationship between children's resting RSA and sharing behavior
Zhang, R., & Wang, Z. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.012 · Cited by 16
The interplay between father–child and mother–child numeracy activities and preschool children’s mathematical skills
Zou, X., Zhang, X., & Ouyang, X. (2022) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2022.102123 · Cited by 15
Impact of Epigenetics, Diet, and Nutrition-Related Pathologies on Wound Healing
Hajj, J. P., Sizemore, B., & Singh, K. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms251910474 · Cited by 21
Psychological health throughout life and adult cortisol patterns at age 45 y
Power, C., Li, L., Atherton, K., & Hertzman, C. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.06.010 · Cited by 15
Gender Differences in Material, Psychological, and Social Domains of the Income Gradient in Mortality: Implications for Policy
Muennig, P. A., Kuebler, M., Jaeseung, K., Todorović, D., & Rosen, Z. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059191 · Cited by 14
Etiology of the common cold: Modulating factors
Doyle, W. J., & Cohen, S. (2009) · Birkhäuser Basel eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-9912-2_6 · Cited by 15
Self-citation
Psychological Correlates of HIV-Related Symptom Distress
Jaggers, J. R., Dudgeon, W. D., Burgess, S., Phillips, K. D., Blair, S. N., & Hand, G. A. (2013) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2013.06.003 · Cited by 15
From Pre-Service Preparation to Professional Development: Early Childhood Teachers’ Learning Experiences, ECE Quality, and Child Development in China
Yang, Y. T., Rao, N., & Sun, J. (2024) · Early Education and Development · doi:10.1080/10409289.2024.2336659 · Cited by 14
The Association of Low Income and High Stress with Acute Care Use in COPD Patients
Parekh, T. M., Cherrington, A., Bhatia, S., Turan, B., Patel, S., Kim, Y., Turan, J. M., & Dransfield, M. T. (2020) · Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases Journal of the COPD Foundation · doi:10.15326/jcopdf.7.2.2019.0165 · Cited by 16
Young adults’ medicine use for headache: The combined effect of socioeconomic position and perceived stress, and the contribution of sense of coherence
Koushede, V., Hansen, E. H., Andersen, A., & Holstein, B. E. (2012) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.01.007 · Cited by 14
Effects of Daily Stress in Mental State Classification
Park, S., & Dong, S.-Y. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3035799 · Cited by 14
Intraindividual reaction time variability, respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and children's externalizing problems
Zhang, R., Xiao-hui, Y., Liu, D., Lu, W. D., & Wang, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.08.001 · Cited by 14
Association between family income to poverty ratio and nocturia in adults aged 20 years and older: A study from NHANES 2005–2010
Jia, Y., Ca, J., Yang, F., Dong, X., Zhou, L., & Long, H. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0303927 · Cited by 13
The Influence of Negative Mental Health on the Health Behavior and the Mortality Risk: Analysis of Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging from 2006 to 2014
Jun, E. R., Kim, S. H., Cho, Y. J., Kim, Y.-A., & Lee, J. Y. (2019) · Korean Journal of Family Medicine · doi:10.4082/kjfm.18.0068 · Cited by 13
The effect of non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation on memory recall in reading: A pilot study
Thakkar, V. J., Richardson, Z. A., Dang, A., & Centanni, T. M. (2022) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114164 · Cited by 14
Financial constraint and perceptions of COVID-19
Trueblood, J., Sussman, A. B., O’Leary, D., & Holmes, W. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-30118-9 · Cited by 4
The interactive role of income (material position) and income rank (psychosocial position) in psychological distress: a 9-year longitudinal study of 30,000 UK parents
Garratt, E. A., Chandola, T., Purdam, K., & Wood, A. M. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1255-y · Cited by 13
Social Dominance Representations in the Human Brain
Ligneul, R., & Dreher, J. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805308-9.00017-8 · Cited by 15
Social and environmental stressors of cardiometabolic health
Bartoskova Polcrova, A., Dalecka, A., Szabo, D., Gonzalez Rivas, J. P., Bobak, M., & Pikhart, H. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-64847-2 · Cited by 12
Socioeconomic Deprivation Detrimentally Influences Language Outcomes in Toddlers With Cleft Palate
Fujiki, R. B., Lien, K. M., Munday, J. H., & Thibeault, S. L. (2024) · Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research · doi:10.1044/2024_jslhr-24-00060 · Cited by 13
Development and validation of a prediction model for ED using machine learning: according to NHANES 2001–2004
Chen, X.-Y., Lu, W.-T., Zhang, D., Tan, M., & Qin, X. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78797-2 · Cited by 13
Moving Beyond Childhood Adversity
Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., & Rishi, S. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-398393-0.00012-2 · Cited by 12

Authors: Cohen, S., Doyle, W. J., & Baum, A.
Affiliations: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (US)
Corresponding author: Cohen, Sheldon
ORCID: Cohen, Sheldon
Doyle, William J.
Baum, Andrew
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2006-05
Volume: 68
Issue: 3
Pages: 414-420
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/01.psy.0000221236.37158.b9
OpenAlex: W2046597351
Cited by: 639
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 83 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 27
FWCI: 8.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
figshare.com
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
KiltHub Repository (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
KiltHub Repository
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL65111, HL65112, P50HL065112, P50HL065111)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords: socioeconomic status, cortisol, catecholamines, epinephrine, norepinephrine, stress hormones, mediation, smoking, breakfast skipping, social networks, health behavior, African Americans, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system
MeSH terms: Adult, Catecholamines, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Social Class, Social Support, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Health Behavior

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Socioeconomic Status Is Associated With Stress Hormones

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks