The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia and Brain Trauma: Similarities and Differences
Abstract
Current knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia and brain trauma indicates that similar mechanisms contribute to loss of cellular integrity and tissue destruction. Mechanisms of cell damage include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, free radical production, apoptosis and inflammation. Genetic and gender factors have also been shown to be important mediators of pathomechanisms present in both injury settings. However, the fact that these injuries arise from different types of primary insults leads to diverse cellular vulnerability patterns as well as a spectrum of injury processes. Blunt head trauma produces shear forces that result in primary membrane damage to neuronal cell bodies, white matter structures and vascular beds as well as secondary injury mechanisms. Severe cerebral ischemic insults lead to metabolic stress, ionic perturbations, and a complex cascade of biochemical and molecular events ultimately causing neuronal death. Similarities in the pathogenesis of these cerebral injuries may indicate that therapeutic strategies protective following ischemia may also be beneficial after trauma. This review summarizes and contrasts injury mechanisms after ischemia and trauma and discusses neuroprotective strategies that target both types of injuries.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Role of Excitatory Amino Acids and NMDA Receptors in Traumatic Brain Injury
Faden, A. I., Demediuk, P., Panter, S. S., & Vink, R. (1989) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2567056 · Cited by 1,508
Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia
Hossmann, K. (1994) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410360404 · Cited by 1,370
Clinical trials in head injury
Narayan, R. K., Michel, M. E., Ansell, B., Baethmann, A., Biegon, A., Bracken, M. B., Bullock, M. R., Choi, S. C., Clifton, G. L., Contant, C. F., et al. (2002) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771502753754037 · Cited by 913 · cited 1×
“Currently, no pharmacological treatments have been proven to protect against the detrimental consequences of TBI (Narayan et al., 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBouma, G. J., Muizelaar, J. P., Choi, S. C., Newlon, P. G., & Young, H. F. (1991) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1991.75.5.0685 · Cited by 717
Burden of Disease—Implications for Future Research
Michaud, C. M. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.5.535 · Cited by 594
Oligodendrocytes and Ischemic Brain Injury
Dewar, D., Underhill, S. M., & Goldberg, M. P. (2003) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000053472.41007.f9 · Cited by 335
Pierce, J., Trojanowski, J., Graham, D., Smith, D., & McIntosh, T. (1996) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-03-01083.1996 · Cited by 239 · cited 2×
“, 1994) and experimental TBI (Bramlett et al., 1997b; Pierce et al., 1996) (Fig.”
BackgroundBramlett, H. M., & Dietrich, W. D. (2001) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/089771501750451811 · Cited by 213
Self-citationMaxwell, W. L., Watt, C., Graham, D. I., & Gennarelli, T. A. (1993) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/bf00334880 · Cited by 161 · cited 2×
“, 1999) and traumatic (Christman et al., 1994; Gentleman et al., 1995; Maxwell et al., 1993; Strich, 1961) conditions.”
BackgroundSmith, D. H., Nakamura, M., McIntosh, T. K., Wang, J., Rodríguez, A., Chen, X.-H., Raghupathi, R., Saatman, K. E., Clemens, J., Schmidt, M. L., et al. (1998) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65643-x · Cited by 143 · cited 2×
“In mouse studies, 10- fold over-expression of mutant APP leads to the development of plaques at 6 months of age, with TBI exacerbating cognitive impairments and hippocampal CA3 pathology compared with littermates (Smith et al., 1998).”
Background
Cited by
Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury
Werner, C., & Engelhard, K. (2007) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aem131 · Cited by 1,712
Involvement of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease
Nunomura, A., Castellani, R. J., Zhu, X., Moreira, P. I., Perry, G., & Smith, M. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000228136.58062.bf · Cited by 611
Prakash, R., & Carmichael, S. T. (2015) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000248 · Cited by 296
Abnormalities of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Gao, J., Wang, L., Liu, J., Xie, F., Su, B., & Wang, X. (2017) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox6020025 · Cited by 250
Exosome‐mediated inflammasome signaling after central nervous system injury
de Rivero Vaccari, J. P., Brand, F., Adamczak, S., Lee, S. W., Perez‐Barcena, J., Wang, M. Y., Bullock, M. R., Dietrich, W. D., & Keane, R. W. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13036 · Cited by 240
Self-citationNoninvasive brain stimulation in traumatic brain injury
Demirtas-Tatlidede, A., Vahabzadeh-Hagh, A. M., Bernabeu, M., Tormos, J. M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2012) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e318217df55 · Cited by 149
Chang, S., & Bowden, A. K. (2019) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.24.9.090901 · Cited by 99
(2020) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2020.02.006 · Cited by 87
Sword, J., Masuda, T., Croom, D., & Kirov, S. A. (2013) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt026 · Cited by 81
Acute Brain Injury Triggers MyD88-Dependent, TLR2/4-Independent Inflammatory Responses
Koedel, U., Merbt, U. M., Schmidt, C., Angele, B., Popp, B., Wagner, H., Pfister, H.-W., & Kirschning, C. J. (2007) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060821 · Cited by 78
Kasturi, B. S., & Stein, D. G. (2009) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0751 · Cited by 57
von Baumgarten, L., Trabold, R., Thal, S., Back, T., & Plesnila, N. (2008) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.30 · Cited by 53
Increased Risk of Stroke Among Young Adults With Serious Traumatic Brain Injury
McFarlane, T. D., Love, J., Hanley, S., Dixon, B. E., & Hammond, F. M. (2020) · Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/htr.0000000000000539 · Cited by 16
Metadata
- Authors
- Bramlett, H. M., & Dietrich, W. D.
- Venue
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 133-150
- ISSN
- 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-7016
- OpenAlex
- W2068675481
- Cited by
- 631
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 18.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
