Neighborhood walkability and mortality in a prospective cohort of women
Open accessAbstract
Background: There is a paucity of prospective cohort studies evaluating neighborhood walkability in relation to the risk of death. Methods: We geocoded baseline residential addresses of 13,832 women in the New York University Women’s Health Study (NYUWHS) and estimated the Built Environment and Health Neighborhood Walkability Index (BEH-NWI) for each participant circa 1990. The participants were recruited from 1985 to 1991 in New York City and followed for an average of 27 years. We conducted survival analyses using Cox proportional hazards models to assess the association between neighborhood walkability and risk of death from any cause, obesity-related diseases, cardiometabolic diseases, and obesity-related cancers. Results: Residing in a neighborhood with a higher neighborhood walkability score was associated with a lower mortality rate. Comparing women in the top versus the lowest walkability tertile, the hazards ratios (and 95% CIs) were 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) for all-cause, 0.91 (0.86, 0.97) for obesity-related disease, and 0.72 (0.62, 0.85) for obesity-related cancer mortality, respectively, adjusting for potential confounders at both the individual and neighborhood level. We found no association between neighborhood walkability and risk of death from cardiometabolic diseases. Results were similar in analyses censoring participants who moved during follow-up, using multiple imputation for missing covariates, and using propensity scores matching women with high and low neighborhood walkability on potential confounders. Exploratory analyses indicate that outdoor walking and average BMI mediated the association between neighborhood walkability and mortality. Conclusion: Our findings are consistent with a protective role of neighborhood walkability in obesity-related mortality in women, particularly obesity-related cancer mortality.
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Women living in more walkable neighborhoods have a lower risk of obesity-related mortality.
“Women living in more walkable neighborhoods have a lower risk of obesity-related mortality [22].”
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- Authors
- India-Aldana, S., Rundle, A. G., Zeleniuch-Jacquotte, A., Quinn, J. W., Kim, B., Afanasyeva, Y., Clendenen, T. V., Koenig, K. L., Liu, M., Neckerman, K. M., Thorpe, L. E., & Chen, Y.
- Affiliations
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Columbia University (US)
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Yu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Epidemiology
- Published
- 2021-08-03
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 763-772
- ISSN
- 1044-3983 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8969891
- OpenAlex
- W3191479986
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 2.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (T32HS026120)
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA182934, UM1CA182934, P30CA016087)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK111022)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES000260)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Transportation › Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- neighborhood walkability, built environment, mortality, women, obesity-related cancer, obesity-related comorbidities, cardiometabolic disease, outdoor walking, body mass index
- MeSH terms
- Environment Design, Female, Humans, New York City, Prospective Studies, Residence Characteristics, Cohort Studies, Walking
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