Alzheimer’s Disease and Glaucoma: Mechanistic Similarities and Differences
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, extracellular Aβ amyloid deposits in the form of amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and synaptic and neuronal loss co-exist in the brain parenchyma, with the limbic areas being the most severely affected. The classic clinical findings are personality changes, progressive cognitive dysfunction, and loss of ability to perform activities of daily living. Visual impairment is common and appears related to disease severity, suggesting that visual testing may provide a method of screening and tracking AD changes. Although still not fully understood, research and clinical findings point to a possible common causal relationship between AD and glaucoma. These two chronic neurodegenerative disorders share biological and mechanistic features, among them (1) a strong age-related incidence, (2) retinal ganglion cell degeneration, and (3) extracellular fibrillar deposits in exfoliation syndrome, the most common recognizable cause of glaucoma, suggesting that both diseases may originate from similar misfolding mechanisms. A presentation of common pathogenetic pathways associated with these disorders, including cell death mechanisms, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular abnormalities, will serve as an initiation point for further exploration.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The major pathology related to AD is extracellular deposit of Aβ in the form of parenchymal plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy co-existing with intraneuronal accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau (neurofibrillary tangles).
“The major pathology related to AD is the extracellular deposit of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the form of parenchymal plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy co-existing with intraneuronal accumulations of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) (neurofribillary tangles) (Ghiso et al., 2013).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Ghiso et al., 2013
AD, PD, and glaucoma have similar mechanisms of cell injury and deposition of protein aggregates in specific anatomical areas.
“they have similar mechanisms of cell injury and deposition of protein aggregates in specific anatomical areas (Wostyn et al., 2010; Kaarniranta et al., 2011; Ghiso et al., 2013)”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Ghiso et al., 2013
These common pathogenic mechanisms could act individually or synergistically.
“These mechanisms could act individually or synergistically (Ghiso et al., 2013).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Ghiso et al., 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Aβ Oligomers – a decade of discovery
Walsh, D. M., & Selkoe, D. J. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04426.x · Cited by 1,938 · see citing works
Classification and basic pathology of Alzheimer disease
Duyckaerts, C., Delatour, B., & Potier, M.-C. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0532-1 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
Quigley, H. A. (1999) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(98)00014-7 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Ritch, R. H., & Schlötzer-Schrehardt, U. M. (2001) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(00)00196-x · Cited by 751 · see citing works
Gupta, N. (2006) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.2005.086769 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease
Gupta, N., & Yücel, Y. H. (2007) · Current Opinion in Ophthalmology · doi:10.1097/icu.0b013e3280895aea · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Yücel, Y. (2003) · Progress in Retinal and Eye Research · doi:10.1016/s1350-9462(03)00026-0 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Neuronal cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: recurring themes around protein handling
Gorman, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00402.x · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Dementia of Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders—memantine, a new hope
Sonkusare, S. K., Kaul, C. L., & Ramarao, P. (2004) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2004.05.005 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Yücel, Y. H. (2000) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.118.3.378 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Rukhsana Sultana, A., Marzia Perluigi, A., & Butterfield, D. A. (2006) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2006.8.2021 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Milestones in Parkinson's disease—Clinical and pathologic features
Halliday, G. M., Lees, A. J., & Stern, M. (2011) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.23669 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Neuronal Death and Survival Under Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer and Parkinson Diseases
Nunomura, A., Moreira, P. I., Lee, H., Zhu, X., Castellani, R. J., Smith, M. A., & Perry, G. L. (2007) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152707783399201 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Proteomic Analysis of Exfoliation Deposits
Ovodenko, B., Rostagno, A. A., Neubert, T. A., Shetty, V., Thomas, S. N., Yang, A. J., Liebmann, J. M., Ghiso, J. A., & Ritch, R. H. (2007) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.06-0411 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationVisual Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Review
Kirby, E., Bandelow, S., & Hogervorst, E. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-080785 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Nakamura, T., & Lipton, S. A. (2010) · APOPTOSIS · doi:10.1007/s10495-010-0476-x · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Cerebral amyloidosis: amyloid subunits, mutants and phenotypes
Rostagno, A. A., Holton, J. L., Lashley, T., Révész, T., & Ghiso, J. A. (2009) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-009-0182-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular complexity of primary open angle glaucoma: current concepts
Ray, K., & Mookherjee, S. (2009) · Journal of Genetics · doi:10.1007/s12041-009-0065-3 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [1]Shields MB Ritch R Krupin T Ritch R Shields MB Krupin T Classification and mechanisms of the glaucomas. Chapter 40 The Glaucomas 1989 St. Louis CV Mosby Co
- [5]Rostagno A Lal R Ghiso J Dawbarn D Allen S Protein misfolding, aggregation, and fibril formation: Common features of cerebral and noncerebral amyloid diseases The Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s disease 2007 Oxford, United Kingdom Oxford University Press 133 160
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma.
Ramirez, A. I., de Hoz, R., Salobrar-Garcia, E., Salazar, J. J., Rojas, B., Ajoy, D., López-Cuenca, I., Rojas, P., Triviño, A., & Ramírez, J. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00214 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Disturbed glucose and pyruvate metabolism in glaucoma with neuroprotection by pyruvate or rapamycin
Harder, J. M., Guymer, C., Wood, J. P. M., Daskalaki, E., Chidlow, G., Zhang, C., Balasubramanian, R., Cardozo, B. H., Foxworth, N. E., Deering, K. E., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2014213117 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“Although the factors that initiate glaucomatous neurodegeneration remain to be elucidated, they are unlikely to be unique to glaucoma (3, 4).”
Lambert, W. S., Carlson, B. J., Formichella, C. R., Sappington, R. M., Ahlem, C., & Calkins, D. J. (2017) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2017.00045 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lambert, W. S., Pasini, S., Collyer, J. W., Formichella, C. R., Ghose, P., Carlson, B. J., & Calkins, D. J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-65374-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ghiso, J. A.
- Affiliations
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ghiso, Jorge A.
- ORCID
- Ghiso, Jorge A.
- Venue
- Journal of Glaucoma
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 22
- Pages
- S36-S38
- ISSN
- 1057-0829 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3955061
- OpenAlex
- W2031258035
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Glaucoma (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Touro Scholar (Touro College) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG030539, AG030539)
- National Eye Institute (R21EY019129)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, glaucoma, neurodegeneration, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, retinal ganglion cell death, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, visual impairment, vision screening, retinal biomarkers, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, vascular anomalies, protein misfolding, shared pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Glaucoma, Humans, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Oxidative Stress, Disease Progression
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
