A Review and Analysis of the Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness Studies of Comprehensive Health Promotion and Disease Management Programs at the Worksite: Update VII 2004–2008
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To conduct the seventh periodic review and analysis of the clinical and cost-effectiveness research conducted in worksite/corporate environments between 2004 and 2008. METHODS: A literature search of US-based research was conducted using a multistage process including MEDLINE, ADI, EDGAR, CARL, Inform, Lexis-Nexis, as well as direct inquiries to key researchers in this area of expertise. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2008, there were 16 new studies that met the Inclusion/Exclusion criteria. These studies are critiqued and entered into a data table consisting of 13 variables and citations of the 16 new studies. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and cost-effectiveness research in the worksite/corporate environment continues to evolve although there was only one randomized clinical trial conducted during the most recent interval. There are innovations in pilot studies, quasi-experimental methodologies, and econometric modeling as indicative of future trends.
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Comprehensive worksite wellness programs improve diet, including increased consumption of fruits and vegetables and reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Studies provide relatively consistent evidence that comprehensive worksite wellness programs improve health behaviors and related clinical risk factors.
“In sum, these studies provide relatively consistent evidence that such programs improve health behaviors and related clinical risk factors (Table 6).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs reduce systolic blood pressure by ≈7 mm Hg.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs increase daily activity and walking.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs reduce smoking by 14%.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs lower estimated global CVD risk by ≈13%.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Comprehensive worksite wellness programs reduce body fat by 9%.
“Examples of findings include improved diet (increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reduced consumption of saturated fat and fatty meats), increased daily activity and walking, reduced smoking (14% reduction), reduced systolic blood pressure (≈7 mm Hg reduction) and body fat (9% reduction), and lower estimated global CVD risk (≈13% reduction).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Interventions targeting higher-risk employees appear especially effective.
“Interventions targeting higher-risk employees appear especially effective.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
Limitations of comprehensive worksite wellness program studies include inconsistent methodology across trials, often relatively small sizes (N<400), and short durations of follow-up (typically <6 months, with a few studies having follow-up of 12 to 18 months).
“However, limitations were noted, including inconsistent methodology across trials, often relatively small sizes (N<400), and short durations of follow-up (typically <6 months, with a few studies having a follow-up of 12 to 18 months).”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [277]
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Self-citationWhat do Workplace Wellness Programs do? Evidence from the Illinois Workplace Wellness Study*
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“A recent comprehensive review of the clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness of work site comprehensive health promotion and disease management programs concluded that “studies to date indicate positive clinical and cost outcomes” [1].”
BackgroundThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Self-citationMetabolic Syndrome in a Workplace: Prevalence, Co-Morbidities, and Economic Impact
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The Economic Value of a Wellness and Disease Prevention Program
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Reed, S. D., Li, Y., Kamble, S., Polsky, D. E., Graham, F. L., Bowers, M., Samsa, G. P., Paul, S. C., Schulman, K. A., Whellan, D. J., et al. (2011) · Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.111.962977 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Song, Z., & D, K. B. A. (2021) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01808 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Using Existing Employee Assistance Program Case Files to Demonstrate Outcomes
Jacobson, J. M., Jones, A. L., & Bowers, N. (2011) · Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/15555240.2011.540983 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pelletier, K. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pelletier, Kenneth R.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine
- Published
- 2009-07
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 822-837
- ISSN
- 1076-2752 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074814503
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 4.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Johnson and Johnson
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Safety in Workplaces
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- workplace health promotion, corporate health programs, disease management programs, cost-effectiveness, clinical effectiveness, employer-sponsored health programs, randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental design, econometric models
- MeSH terms
- Cost-Benefit Analysis, Health Promotion, Humans, Research, Program Evaluation, Workplace, Disease Management
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