Pricing and Availability Intervention in Vending Machines at Four Bus Garages
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of lowering prices and increasing availability on sales of healthy foods and beverages from 33 vending machines in 4 bus garages as part of a multicomponent worksite obesity prevention intervention. METHODS: Availability of healthy items was increased to 50% and prices were lowered at least 10% in the vending machines in two metropolitan bus garages for an 18-month period. Two control garages offered vending choices at usual availability and prices. Sales data were collected monthly from each of the vending machines at the four garages. RESULTS: Increases in availability to 50% and price reductions of an average of 31% resulted in 10% to 42% higher sales of the healthy items. Employees were mostly price responsive for snack purchases. CONCLUSIONS: Greater availability and lower prices on targeted food and beverage items from vending machines was associated with greater purchases of these items over an 18-month period. Efforts to promote healthful food purchases in worksite settings should incorporate these two strategies.
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An 18-month controlled trial in metropolitan vending machines demonstrated that the combination of lower relative prices (a reduction of ≈31%) and increased relative availability (≈55%) of healthier foods more than doubled their sales.
“An 18-month controlled trial in metropolitan vending machines demonstrated that the combination of lower relative prices (a reduction of ≈31%) and increased relative availability (≈55%) of healthier foods more than doubled their sales.177”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [177]
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- Authors
- French, S. A., Hannan, P. J., Harnack, L. J., Mitchell, N. R., Toomey, T. L., & Gerlach, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- French, Simone A.
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine
- Published
- 2010-01
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 1S
- Pages
- S29-S33
- ISSN
- 1076-2752 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2818541
- OpenAlex
- W2111088505
- Cited by
- 99
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 9.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL079478)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- vending machines, food pricing, food availability, beverages, bus garages, price responsiveness, food environment, employee nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Costs and Cost Analysis, Feeding Behavior, Food Dispensers, Automatic, Food Preferences, Health Promotion, Humans, Minnesota, Obesity, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Workplace, Motor Vehicles
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