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Cited by 85Thermoregulation and physiological responsesSports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutrition

Drinking behaviors of elite male runners during marathon competition

Beis, Lukas Y., Wright-Whyte, Moray, Fudge, Barry, Noakes, Timothy, Pitsiladis, Yannis P.·2012·Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
DOI 10.1097/jsm.0b013e31824a55d7
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To describe the drinking behaviors of elite male marathon runners during major city marathons. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of drinking behaviors. SETTING: Institutional. PARTICIPANTS: Ten (9 winners and 1 second position) male marathon runners during 13 major city marathons. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total drinking durations and fluid intake rates during major city marathons. RESULTS: The ambient conditions during the 13 studied marathon races were 15.3°C ± 8.6°C and 59% ± 17% relative humidity; average marathon competition time was 02:06:31 ± 00:01:08 (hours:minutes:seconds). Total drinking duration during these races was 25.5 ± 15.0 seconds (range, 1.6-50.7 seconds) equating to an extrapolated fluid intake rate of 0.55 ± 0.34 L/h (range, 0.03-1.09 L/h). No significant correlations were found between total drink duration, fluid intake (rate and total), running speed, and ambient temperature. Estimated body mass (BM) loss based on calculated sweat rates and rates of fluid ingestion was 8.8% ± 2.1% (range, 6.6%-11.7%). Measurements of the winner in the 2009 Dubai marathon revealed a BM loss of 9.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The most successful runners, during major city marathons, drink fluids ad libitum for less than approximately 60 seconds at an extrapolated fluid ingestion rate of 0.55 ± 0.34 L/h and comparable to the current American College of Sports Medicine's recommendations of 0.4-0.8 L/h. Nevertheless, these elite runners do not seem to maintain their BM within current recommended ranges of 2%-3%.

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Crossref · 10.1097/jsm.0b013e31824a55d7

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37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The impracticality of drinking large volumes despite high sweat rates explains body mass losses of up to 10% in race winners in hot-weather marathons.

    “Furthermore, the impracticality of drinking large volumes despite high sweat rates explains BM losses of up to 10% in race winners in hot-weather marathons (e.g., Beis et al., 2012).”

    From Contemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers (2019) · cites this paper as Beis et al., 2012

  • Supplements are rarely used by East African runners.

    “Although supplements are rarely used, data from observational studies (Beis et al., 2012) and accounts of recent attempts on world marathon records by male runners (Caesar, 2017;Hutchinson, 2013) note personalized race nutrition plans including proactive intakes of fluid and CHO, often with the involvement of Western sports scientists.”

    From Contemporary Nutrition Strategies to Optimize Performance in Distance Runners and Race Walkers (2019) · cites this paper as Beis et al., 2012

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Authors
Beis, L. Y., Wright-Whyte, M., Fudge, B., Noakes, T., & Pitsiladis, Y. P.
Affiliations
  • University of Glasgow (GB)
  • Loughborough University (GB)
  • University of Cape Town (ZA)
  • Moi University (KE)
Corresponding author
  • Beis, Lukas Y.
  • Wright-Whyte, Moray
  • Pitsiladis, Yannis P.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2012-05
Volume
22
Issue
3
Pages
254-261
ISSN
1050-642X (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/jsm.0b013e31824a55d7
OpenAlex
W1970356973
Cited by
85
References
39
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
FWCI
5.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (submittedVersion)
  • University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Keywords
marathon running, fluid intake, drinking behavior, weight loss, sweat rate, hydration, endurance exercise
MeSH terms
Adult, Drinking Behavior, Humans, Male, Retrospective Studies, Running, Sweating, Athletic Performance

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