Cited by 132Exercise and Physiological ResponsesAdipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesMuscle Physiology and Disorders

Skeletal muscle as a gene regulatory endocrine organ

Karstoft, Kristian, Pedersen, Bente K.·2016·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Skeletal muscle is gaining increased attention as an endocrine organ. Recently, novel myokines and new effects of already established myokines have been identified. The objective of this review is to give an update on the recent advances in the field. RECENT FINDINGS: Several hundred putative myokines have been described, some of which are induced by contraction and differentially regulated between healthy and metabolically diseased individuals. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the prototype myokine, which was identified as a muscle-derived cytokine 15 years ago. Recently, IL-6 has been linked to β-cell survival and inhibition of cancer-cell growth. Moreover, trans-signaling appears to determine whether IL-6 acts as a proinflammatory or an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Irisin has been shown to be a secreted myokine, which contribute to circulating concentrations dependent on training status. IL-15 has been established as a cytokine mediating cross-talk between skeletal muscle and skin tissue, and decorin has been characterized as a contraction-induced myokine which apparently is differentially regulated between healthy and dysglycemic individuals. SUMMARY: Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ which, by the release of myokines, may influence metabolism in virtually all organs in the body. This knowledge may potentially open up for the possibility of designing new drugs that mimic the effects of myokine signaling.

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Crossref · 10.1097/mco.0000000000000283

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Authors
Karstoft, K., & Pedersen, B. K.
Affiliations
University of Copenhagen (DK)
Corresponding author
Pedersen, Bente K.
Venue
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
Published
2016-07
Volume
19
Issue
4
Pages
270-275
ISSN
1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2341256448
Cited by
132
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6
FWCI
13.55
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Keywords
skeletal muscle endocrine function, myokines, interleukin-6, trans-signaling, irisin, IL-15, decorin, muscle contraction, metabolic disorders, beta-cell survival, cancer cell growth
MeSH terms
Healthy Lifestyle, Animals, Endocrine System Diseases, Endocrine System, Humans, Exercise, Cytokines, Muscle, Skeletal, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

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