Cited by 143Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patientsMetabolism, Diabetes, and CancerDiabetes Management and Research

Glucose metabolism in lymphoid and inflammatory cells and tissues

Calder, Philip C, Dimitriadis, George, Newsholme, Philip·2007·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care

Abstract

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the role of glucose as a fuel for immune cells and the influence of glucose supply on immune-cell functional responses. RECENT FINDINGS: Immune cells express the insulin receptor and a range of glucose-transporter isoforms. Glucose transporters are responsive to both immune stimulation and insulin. The pattern of glucose-transporter upregulation differs among different types of immune cell. In-vitro studies reveal that both hypo- and hyperglycaemia impair immune-cell functions and promote inflammatory responses. Clamp studies have revealed proinflammatory effects of hyperglycaemia and antiinflammatory and immune-promoting effects of insulin. SUMMARY: Glucose is readily utilized by cells of the immune system and is used to generate energy and biosynthetic precursors. Activation of immune cells is associated with increased glucose utilization and this is facilitated, in part, by increased expression of glucose transporters. Immune cells express the insulin receptor and respond to insulin. Both hypo- and hyperglycaemia impair immune-cell functions and promote inflammatory responses. Insulin therapy in hyperglycaemic subjects may be of benefit through effects of both insulin itself and lowered glucose concentration. Excessive lowering of blood glucose concentration may also be harmful to the immune response.

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Crossref · 10.1097/mco.0b013e3281e72ad4

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114 of 114 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Leukocytes cannot become insulin-resistant but upregulate GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 transporters upon activation.

    “This is relevant for leukocytes that, importantly, cannot become insulin-resistant but upregulate GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 transporters upon activation [14].”
  • Insulin resistance is the critical determinant of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, because only liver, muscle, and fat tissue, but not leukocytes, become insulin-resistant.

    “It is proposed that insulin resistance is the critical determinant of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, because only liver, muscle, and fat tissue, but not leukocytes, become insulin-resistant [14].”

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Authors
Calder, P. C., Dimitriadis, G., & Newsholme, P.
Affiliations
  • University of Southampton (GB)
  • University General Hospital Attikon (GR)
  • University College Dublin (IE)
Corresponding author
Calder, Philip C
Venue
Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
Published
2007-07
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
531-540
ISSN
1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2042827948
Cited by
143
References
113
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
FWCI
0.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords
glucose metabolism, immune cells, glucose transporters, insulin receptor, insulin, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, inflammation, lymphocytes, energy metabolism, insulin therapy, immune function
MeSH terms
Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Immune System, Insulin, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Monocytes, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative

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