Glucose metabolism in lymphoid and inflammatory cells and tissues
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To examine the role of glucose as a fuel for immune cells and the influence of glucose supply on immune-cell functional responses. RECENT FINDINGS: Immune cells express the insulin receptor and a range of glucose-transporter isoforms. Glucose transporters are responsive to both immune stimulation and insulin. The pattern of glucose-transporter upregulation differs among different types of immune cell. In-vitro studies reveal that both hypo- and hyperglycaemia impair immune-cell functions and promote inflammatory responses. Clamp studies have revealed proinflammatory effects of hyperglycaemia and antiinflammatory and immune-promoting effects of insulin. SUMMARY: Glucose is readily utilized by cells of the immune system and is used to generate energy and biosynthetic precursors. Activation of immune cells is associated with increased glucose utilization and this is facilitated, in part, by increased expression of glucose transporters. Immune cells express the insulin receptor and respond to insulin. Both hypo- and hyperglycaemia impair immune-cell functions and promote inflammatory responses. Insulin therapy in hyperglycaemic subjects may be of benefit through effects of both insulin itself and lowered glucose concentration. Excessive lowering of blood glucose concentration may also be harmful to the immune response.
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Leukocytes cannot become insulin-resistant but upregulate GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 transporters upon activation.
“This is relevant for leukocytes that, importantly, cannot become insulin-resistant but upregulate GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 transporters upon activation [14].”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
Insulin resistance is the critical determinant of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, because only liver, muscle, and fat tissue, but not leukocytes, become insulin-resistant.
“It is proposed that insulin resistance is the critical determinant of the pro- or anti-inflammatory effect of insulin, because only liver, muscle, and fat tissue, but not leukocytes, become insulin-resistant [14].”
From Interaction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation (2014) · cites this paper as [14]
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Bone, H. K., & Williams, N. (2001) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/13.6.807 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Insulin binding, insulin degradation and glucose metabolism in human monocytes
Beck‐Nielsen, H., & Pedersen, O. B. (1979) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf01222206 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Dimitriadis, G., Maratou, E., Alevizaki, M., Boutati, E., Psara, K., Papasteriades, C., & Raptis, S. A. (2005) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-2005-861026 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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The Influence of Insulin on Glucose Permeability and Metabolism of Human Granulocytes
Leroux, J. P., Marchand, J., HA, R. H. T., & Cartier, P. (1975) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02383.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Ercolani, L., Lin, H. L., & Ginsberg, B. H. (1985) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.34.9.931 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Internalization and acidification of insulin by activated human lymphocytes
Murphy, R. F., Bisaccia, E., Cantor, C. R., Berger, C. L., & Edelson, R. L. (1984) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1041210212 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Carbohydrate metabolism in transforming lymphocytes from the aged
Tollefsbol, T. O., & Cohen, H. J. (1985) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1041230318 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Bieger, W. P., Weicker, H., & Michl, J. (1980) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-50-6-1121 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chen, Y.-J., Hsu, K., & Chen, Y.-L. (2006) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1016/j.cellbi.2006.06.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Desperately seeking sugar: glial cells as hypoglycemia sensors
Klip, A. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci27208 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hill, A. F., Polvino, W. J., & Wilson, D. B. (2005) · Journal of Immune Based Therapies and Vaccines · doi:10.1186/1476-8518-3-5 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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Nutrient sensing and inflammation in metabolic diseases
Hotamisligil, G. S., & Erbay, E. (2008) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri2449 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
“Most pathogens can also trigger baseline glucose transport in host cells through the regulation of GLUT1, presumably to meet the energy demands of their replication and synthetic phase”
BackgroundSignificance of Metabolic Stress, Lipid Mobilization, and Inflammation on Transition Cow Disorders
Sordillo, L. M., & Raphael, W. (2013) · Veterinary Clinics of North America Food Animal Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2013.03.002 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Energy regulation and neuroendocrine–immune control in chronic inflammatory diseases
Straub, R. H., Cutolo, M., Buttgereit, F., & Pongratz, G. (2010) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2010.02218.x · Cited by 382 · see citing works
PET imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis
Tarkin, J. M., Joshi, F. R., & Rudd, J. H. F. (2014) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2014.80 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Glucose requirements of an activated immune system in lactating Holstein cows
Kvidera, S. K., Horst, E. A., Abuajamieh, M., Mayorga, E. J., Sanz-Fernandez, M. V., & Baumgard, L. H. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2016-12001 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
“In vitro experiments demonstrate a substantial increase in glucose consumption by activated immune cells, as glucose is their primary fuel and an important biosynthetic precursor (Calder et al., 2007; Palsson-McDermott and O’Neill, 2013).”
BackgroundNutritional strategies to optimize dairy cattle immunity
Sordillo, L. M. (2016) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2015-10354 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Regulation of SIRT1 in aging: Roles in mitochondrial function and biogenesis
Yuan, Y., Cruzat, V. F., Newsholme, P., Cheng, J., Chen, Y., & Lu, Y. (2016) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/j.mad.2016.02.003 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationHorst, E. A., Kvidera, S. K., & Baumgard, L. H. (2021) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2021-20330 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Mechanisms of triglyceride accumulation in activated macrophages
Feingold, K. R., Shigenaga, J. K., Kazemi, M. R., McDonald, C. M., Patzek, S. M., Cross, A. S., Moser, A. H., & Grünfeld, C. (2012) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.1111537 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“Glucose is a major energy source for macrophages [31].”
BackgroundRuiz-Núñez, B., Pruimboom, L., Dijck-Brouwer, D. A. J., & Muskiet, F. A. J. (2013) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.02.009 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
“In multiple fractures, sepsis and extensive burns, we deal with increases up to 15–30, 50, and 100% of our basal metabolism, respectively [3,4,39].”
BackgroundInflammageing and metaflammation: The yin and yang of type 2 diabetes
Prattichizzo, F., Nigris, V. D., Spiga, R., Mancuso, E., Sala, L. L., Antonicelli, R., Testa, R., Procopio, A. D., Olivieri, F., & Ceriello, A. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.10.003 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“Therefore, the opposite phenomenon has been proposed, with excessive glucose entering immune cells and forcing a pro-inflammatory response (Calder et al., 2007).”
The nexus between nutrient metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation in transition cows
Sordillo, L. M., & Mavangira, V. (2014) · Animal Production Science · doi:10.1071/an14503 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Cao, H., Urban, J. F., & Anderson, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/138.5.833 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“Glucose is the major metabolic substrate critically important for host immunity (25,26).”
BackgroundInteraction of the endocrine system with inflammation: a function of energy and volume regulation
Straub, R. H. (2014) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar4484 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“This is relevant for leukocytes that, importantly, cannot become insulinresistant but upregulate GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT4 transporters upon activation [14].”
BackgroundCrosstalk Between Skeletal Muscle and Immune System: Which Roles Do IL-6 and Glutamine Play?
Rogeri, P. S., Gasparini, S. O., Martins, G. L., Costa, L. K. F., Araujo, C. C., Lugaresi, R., Kopfler, M., & Lancha, A. H. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2020.582258 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Oral Delivery of Protein Drugs Bioencapsulated in Plant Cells
Kwon, K., & Daniell, H. (2016) · Molecular Therapy · doi:10.1038/mt.2016.115 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Straub, R. (2014) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar4688 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“In contrast, the immune system profi ts from insulin because it is an important growth factor for leukocytes and, with the help of insulin, major glucose transporters like glucose transporter-3 and glucose transporter-4 are upregulated on all leukocyte sub populations [67].”
BackgroundPalmer, C. S., Anzinger, J. J., Zhou, J., Gouillou, M., LANDAY, A. L., Jaworowski, A., McCune, J. M., & Crowe, S. M. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1303092 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Mononuclear phagocytes primarily derive their energy from glucose and can, when activated, meet their energy demands by upregulating expression of glucose transporters (Gluts) (16, 17).”
BackgroundModulation of immune function in the bovine uterus peripartum
Pascottini, O. B., & LeBlanc, S. J. (2020) · Theriogenology · doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.01.042 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Critical Actor in the Inflammaging Process
Sebastian-Valverde, M., & Pasinetti, G. M. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9061552 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Insulin Resistance in Macrophages Alters Their Metabolism and Promotes an M2-Like Phenotype
Ieronymaki, E., Theodorakis, E. M., Lyroni, K., Vergadi, E., Lagoudaki, E. D., Al-Qahtani, A. A., Aznaourova, M., Neofotistou-Themeli, E., Eliopoulos, A. G., Vaporidi, K., et al. (2019) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1800065 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Macrophages express primarily Glut1 and Glut3 to mediate glucose uptake (42).”
BackgroundYang, Q., Wang, Q., Deng, W., Sun, C., Wei, Q., Adu‐Frimpong, M., Shi, J., Yu, J., & Xu, X. (2018) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.077 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The immunoinhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in inflammatory blood vessel disease
Weyand, C. M., Berry, G. J., & Goronzy, J. J. (2017) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.3ma0717-283 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Chan, O., Burke, J. D., Gao, D. F., & Fish, E. N. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m112.348946 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“Glucose transport across the plasma membrane of lymphocytes is mediated by specific GLUT proteins: GLUT-1 is responsible for basal glucose transport, whereas GLUT-3 and GLUT-4 regulate glucose uptake in response to insulin stimulation (47).”
BackgroundRegulators of Glucose Metabolism in CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells
Palmer, C. S., Hussain, T., Duette, G., Weller, T. J., Ostrowski, M., Sada‐Ovalle, I., & Crowe, S. M. (2015) · International Reviews of Immunology · doi:10.3109/08830185.2015.1082178 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“For example, chronically activated T cells from patients with allergic asthma produce excess levels of lactate and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1(PDK-1) [2,9].”
BackgroundZou, M., Chen, Y., Sun‐Waterhouse, D., Zhang, Y., & Li, F. (2018) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.03.052 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Beyond the Lactate Paradox: How Lactate and Acidity Impact T Cell Therapies against Cancer
Tu, V. Y., Ayari, A., & O’Connor, R. S. (2021) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib10030025 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Metabolic conditions specific to lymph nodes—particularly their location within adipose depots—may support the homeostatic replenishment of memory T cells [37].”
BackgroundEstimating glucose requirements of an activated immune system in growing pigs
Kvidera, S. K., Horst, E. A., Mayorga, E. J., Sanz-Fernandez, M. V., Abuajamieh, M., & Baumgard, L. H. (2017) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas2017.1830 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
“…occurs is not clear, but insulin is important for immune cell glucose uptake and development during activation (Shimizu et al., 1983; Helderman, 1984; Calder et al., 2007; Maratou et al., 2007), and recent reports indicate that it has potent antiinflammatory actions (Chalmeh et al., 2013).”
BackgroundTargeting the Hindgut to Improve Health and Performance in Cattle
Sanz-Fernandez, M. V., Daniel, J., Seymour, D. J., Kvidera, S. K., Bester, Z., Doelman, J., & Martín‐Tereso, J. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10101817 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
High glucose activates Raw264.7 macrophages through RhoA kinase-mediated signaling pathway
Cheng, C., Chen, P., Lin, Y., & Kao, Y.-H. (2014) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.11.012 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Laval, J., Touhami, J., Herzenberg, L. A., Conrad, C., Taylor, N. N., Battini, J., Sitbon, M., & Tirouvanziam, R. M. (2013) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1201755 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“Studies by other groups clearly established that neutrophils are avid consumers of glucose (40) and that the upregulation of surface Glut1 expression is associated with neutrophil activation upon exposure to inflammatory conditions (41).”
BackgroundHartl, W. H., & Jauch, K. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2013.07.019 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Masteling, M. G., Zeebregts, C. J., Tio, R. A., Breek, J. C., Tietge, U. J. F., de Boer, J. F., Glaudemans, A. W. J. M., Dierckx, R., Boersma, H. H., & Slart, R. H. J. A. (2011) · Journal of Nuclear Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s12350-011-9460-2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Moreover, glucose utilization can increase 50-fold further when macrophages are activated.(29) Therefore, it should be feasible to visualize macrophages containing tissue with clear demarcation.”
BackgroundPathogen manipulation of host metabolism: A common strategy for immune evasion
Freyberg, Z., & Harvill, E. T. (2017) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006669 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Morano, A. E. V. A., Dorneles, G. P., Peres, A., & Lira, F. S. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.29228 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Yoshii, Y., Zhao, C., Schmelzer, J. D., Low, P. A., An, K., & Amadio, P. C. (2009) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2008.07.028 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Osorio, J. S., Trevisi, E., Ballou, M., Bertoni, G., Drackley, J. K., & Loor, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2012-5759 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“It remains to be determined if the PMN response in OVE calves was related with greater glucose use as has been shown in nonruminants (Healy et al., 2002; Paape et al., 2003; Calder et al., 2007).”
ResultParenteral fish oil: An adjuvant pharmacotherapy for coronavirus disease 2019?
Torrinhas, R. S., Calder, P. C., Lemos, G., & Waitzberg, D. L. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110900 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“In the context of the present hypothesis, it is important to note that elevated blood glucose may itself create a state of hyperinflammation [11].”
BackgroundSelf-citationCellular effects and clinical implications of SLC2A3 copy number variation
Ziegler, G. C., Álmos, P. Z., McNeill, R. V., Jansch, C., & Lesch, K. (2020) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.29753 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Altınova, A. E., Yetkin, İ., Akbay, E., Bukan, N. C., & Arslan, M. (2008) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2008.02.006 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Lee, J., Yee, S., Kim, J.-J., Choi, M., Kwon, E.-Y., Seo, K., & Lee, M. (2010) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2010.09.019 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Koliaki, C. C., Tentolouris, A., Eleftheriadou, I., Melidonis, A. J., Dimitriadis, G., & Tentolouris, N. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9072288 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessment of dual-time-point 18F-FDG-PET imaging for pulmonary lesions
Laffon, É., de Clermont-Gallerande, H., Bégueret, H., Vernejoux, J.-M., Thumerel, M., Marthan, R., & Ducassou, D. (2009) · Nuclear Medicine Communications · doi:10.1097/mnm.0b013e32832bdcac · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Xiao, Y., Kwon, K., Hoffman, B. E., Kamesh, A., Jones, N. T., Herzog, R. W., & Daniell, H. (2015) · Biomaterials · doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.11.051 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“While infection of lymphocytes is a critical step of the HIV life cycle, insulin expression needs to be tightly regulated and responsive to environmental stimuli [64], whichmay in part account for the selectivity of PTD from PDX1.”
Effects of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on heat-stressed dairy cows
Al‐Qaisi, M., Horst, E. A., Mayorga, E. J., Goetz, B. M., Abeyta, M. A., Yoon, I., Timms, L. L., Appuhamy, R., & Baumgard, L. H. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18721 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Jun, H. S., Cheung, Y. Y., Lee, Y., Mansfield, B. C., & CHOU, J. Y. (2012) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2011-09-377820 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Macrophages express both GLUT1 and GLUT3.”
BackgroundDeng, H., & Chai, J. (2009) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2009.07.009 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Harmful effects of high amounts of glucose on the immune system: An updated review
Shomali, N., Mahmoudi, J., Mahmoodpoor, A., Zamiri, R. E., Akbari, M., Hua-xi, X., & Shotorbani, S. S. (2020) · Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/bab.1938 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Dagenais-Lussier, X., Aounallah, M., Routy, J., Tremblay, C. L., Sékaly, R., Far, M. E., & van Grevenynghe, J. (2015) · Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2015.09.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Activation of immune cells is associated with increased glucose utilization and this is facilitated, in part, by increased expression of glucose transporters [83].”
BackgroundMacDonald, K., Searle, J., & Lyburn, I. D. (2011) · Clinical Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.crad.2010.10.008 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Wasinski, F., Gregnani, M. F., Ornellas, F. H., Bacurau, A. V. N., Câmara, N. O. S., Araújo, R. C., & Bacurau, R. F. P. (2014) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2014/326803 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Technical note: A procedure to estimate glucose requirements of an activated immune system in steers
Kvidera, S. K., Horst, E. A., Abuajamieh, M., Mayorga, E. J., Sanz-Fernandez, M. V., & Baumgard, L. H. (2016) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.2527/jas.2016-0765 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Horvath, E. M., Mágenheim, R., Kugler, E., Vácz, G., Szigethy, A., Lévárdi, F., Kollai, M., Szabó, C., & Lacza, Z. (2009) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-009-1435-3 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“As a result of insulin treatment, the level of GLUT4 increases in leucocytes, reducing insulin resistance [35].”
BackgroundInfluentialRelevance of Sugar Transport across the Cell Membrane
Carbó, R., & Rodrı́guez, E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076085 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“The differentiation of monocytes into macrophages overexpresses GLUT3 and GLUT5, and the expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, and GLUT5 must be maintained through the transformation to foam cells [35].”
Activation of survival and apoptotic signaling pathways in lymphocytes exposed to palmitic acid
Takahashi, H., Cambiaghi, T. D., Luchessi, A. D., Hirabara, S. M., Vinolo, M. A. R., Newsholme, P., & Curi, R. (2011) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.22740 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Activation of leukocytes is associated with increased glucose utilization due to enhanced expression of glucose transporters (Calder et al., 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChoi, E. K., Yoo, I. R., Kim, S. H., Joo Hyun, O., Choi, W. H., Na, S. J., & Park, S. Y. (2013) · Clinical Nuclear Medicine · doi:10.1097/rlu.0b013e318266f402 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“18 F-FDG accumulation is noted in malignant tissues but also at sites of infection and inflammation and in autoimmune and granulomatous diseases, related to the overexpression of distinct facultative glucose transporter isotypes and an overproduction of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells and inflammatory cells.(33,34)…”
BackgroundWang, X., Yuan, L., Bao, Z., Fu, B., Jiang, P., Ma, T., & Lin, S. (2021) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2021.104698 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Opgenorth, J., Abuajamieh, M., Horst, E. A., Kvidera, S. K., Johnson, J. S., Mayorga, E. J., Sanz-Fernandez, M. V., Al‐Qaisi, M., DeFrain, J. M., Kleinschmit, D. H., et al. (2020) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2020-18909 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“glucose utilizers when activated (Healy et al., 2002; Calder et al., 2007; Maratou et al., 2007); thus, increased circulating insulin during HS and PF might be”
BackgroundHyperglycaemia in critically ill patients: the immune system’s sweet tooth
van Niekerk, G., Davis, T., & Engelbrecht, A. (2017) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1775-1 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“of glucose transporters [31], thus enhancing the rate at which glucose is imported.”
BackgroundHorst, E. A., Kvidera, S. K., Dickson, M. J., McCarthy, C. S., Mayorga, E. J., Al‐Qaisi, M., Ramírez, H., Keating, A. F., & Baumgard, L. H. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15627 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Guzmán‐Flores, J. M., Ramı́rez-Emiliano, J., Pérez‐Vázquez, V., & López-Briones, S. (2020) · Central European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.5114/ceji.2020.94670 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“In addition, the link between hyperglycemia and inflammation in T2DM [28] suggests that low number of Treg cells could be associated with the inflammatory environment in T2DM.”
BackgroundHorst, E. A., Kvidera, S. K., Mayorga, E. J., Shouse, C., Al‐Qaisi, M., Dickson, M. J., Ydstie, J. A., Ramírez, H., Keating, A. F., Dickson, D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2017-13899 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Additionally, glucose-derived carbon is directed through the pentose phosphate pathway to produce important intermediates to support proliferation and production of reactive oxygen species (Calder et al., 2007; Palsson-McDermott and O’Neill, 2013).”
BackgroundHorst, E. A., Mayorga, E. J., Al‐Qaisi, M., Abeyta, M. A., Goetz, B. M., Ramírez, H., Kleinschmit, D. H., & Baumgard, L. H. (2019) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17037 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“presumably supports insulin-mediated glucose uptake and function of activated leukocytes (Calder et al., 2007).”
BackgroundMann, S., Sipka, A. S., Yepes, F. A. L., Nydam, D. V., Overton, T. R., & Wakshlag, J. J. (2018) · Journal of Dairy Science · doi:10.3168/jds.2018-14549 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“, 2016), all other AA, energy, and insulin have to be available in sufficiently increased quantities to produce a measurable effect (Calder et al., 2007; Bar-Peled and Sabatini, 2014).”
BackgroundExercise-induced crosstalk between immune cells and adipocytes in humans: Role of oncostatin-M
Dollet, L., Lundell, L. S., Chibalin, A., Pendergrast, L. A., Pillon, N. J., Lansbury, E., Elmastas, M., Frendo‐Cumbo, S., Jalkanen, J., Barbosa, T. D. C., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101348 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“32 Thus, an increased glucose excursion during acute exercise in individuals with type 2 diabetes may also contribute to the sustained inflammation signature in adipose tissue.”
BackgroundKim, J.-J., Choi, J., Lee, M., Kang, K.-Y., Paik, M., Jo, S., Jung, U., Park, H., & Yee, S. (2014) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2014/461685 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Furthermore, hyperglycemia is toxic to multiple immune cell populations, including lymphocytes [35].”
BackgroundImpaired Glucose Tolerance in Pediatric Burn Patients at Discharge From the Acute Hospital Stay
Fram, R. Y., Cree‐Green, M., Wolfe, R. R., Barr, D., & Herndon, D. N. (2010) · Journal of Burn Care & Research · doi:10.1097/bcr.0b013e3181eebe63 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Furthermore, hyperglycemia has been shown to inhibit platelet function and the phagocyte response.(50,51) More detailed long-term studies are needed to determine how much of a role insulin resistance has in morbidity after the acute phase of burn trauma.”
BackgroundChanges in glucose transporter expression in monocytes of periparturient dairy cows
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- Authors
- Calder, P. C., Dimitriadis, G., & Newsholme, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Southampton (GB)
- University General Hospital Attikon (GR)
- University College Dublin (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Calder, Philip C
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2007-07
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 531-540
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042827948
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hyperglycemia and glycemic control in critically ill and hospitalized patients
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- glucose metabolism, immune cells, glucose transporters, insulin receptor, insulin, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, inflammation, lymphocytes, energy metabolism, insulin therapy, immune function
- MeSH terms
- Gene Expression Regulation, Glucose, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Immune System, Insulin, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes, Macrophages, Monocytes, Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative
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